GIT=/usr/bin/git                     # STORE THE RELATIVE PATH
# GIT=$(which git)                   # USE THIS COMMAND TO SEARCH FOR THE RELATIVE PATH

if [[ ! -e $GIT ]]; then             # CHECK IF THE FILE EXISTS
    echo "PROGRAM DOES NOT EXIST."
    exit 1                           # EXIT THE PROGRAM IF IT DOES NOT
fi

# DO SOMETHING ...

exit 0                               # EXIT THE PROGRAM IF IT DOES

剧本

#!/bin/bash

# Commands found in the hash table are checked for existence before being
# executed and non-existence forces a normal PATH search.
shopt -s checkhash

function exists() {
 local mycomm=$1; shift || return 1

 hash $mycomm 2>/dev/null || \
 printf "\xe2\x9c\x98 [ABRT]: $mycomm: command does not exist\n"; return 1;
}
readonly -f exists

exists notacmd
exists bash
hash
bash -c 'printf "Fin.\n"'

后果

✘ [ABRT]: notacmd: command does not exist
hits    command
   0    /usr/bin/bash
Fin.

以下是检查命令是否存在于$PATH中并可执行的便携式方法：

[ -x "$(command -v foo)" ]

例子：

if ! [ -x "$(command -v git)" ]; then
  echo 'Error: git is not installed.' >&2
  exit 1
fi

需要进行可执行检查，因为如果$PATH中找不到具有该名称的可执行文件，bash将返回一个不可执行文件。

还请注意，如果$PATH中存在与可执行文件同名的不可执行文件，则dash会返回前者，即使后者会被执行。这是一个bug，违反了POSIX标准。[错误报告][标准]编辑：从破折号0.5.11（Debian 11）开始，这似乎是固定的。

此外，如果要查找的命令已定义为别名，则此操作将失败。

假设您已经遵循了安全壳做法：

set -eu -o pipefail
shopt -s failglob

./dummy --version 2>&1 >/dev/null

这假设命令可以以这样的方式调用，即它（几乎）什么都不做，比如报告其版本或显示帮助。

如果找不到伪命令，Bash将退出并返回以下错误。。。

./my-script: line 8: dummy: command not found

这比其他命令-v（和类似的）回答更有用，也更不冗长，因为错误消息是自动生成的，并且还包含相关的行号。

which命令可能有用。男子谁

如果找到可执行文件，则返回0；如果找不到或不可执行，则返回1：

NAME

       which - locate a command

SYNOPSIS

       which [-a] filename ...

DESCRIPTION

       which returns the pathnames of the files which would
       be executed in the current environment, had its
       arguments been given as commands in a strictly
       POSIX-conformant shell. It does this by searching
       the PATH for executable files matching the names
       of the arguments.

OPTIONS

       -a     print all matching pathnames of each argument

EXIT STATUS

       0      if all specified commands are 
              found and executable

       1      if one or more specified commands is nonexistent
              or not executable

       2      if an invalid option is specified

这样做的好处是，它可以确定可执行文件在运行环境中是否可用-这节省了一些问题。。。

如果没有任何可用的外部类型命令（在这里是理所当然的），我们可以使用符合POSIX的env-i sh-c“type cmd 1>/dev/null 2>&1”：

# Portable version of Bash's type -P cmd (without output on stdout)
typep() {
   command -p env -i PATH="$PATH" sh -c '
      export LC_ALL=C LANG=C
      cmd="$1"
      cmd="`type "$cmd" 2>/dev/null || { echo "error: command $cmd not found; exiting ..." 1>&2; exit 1; }`"
      [ $? != 0 ] && exit 1
      case "$cmd" in
        *\ /*) exit 0;;
            *) printf "%s\n" "error: $cmd" 1>&2; exit 1;;
      esac
   ' _ "$1" || exit 1
}

# Get your standard $PATH value
#PATH="$(command -p getconf PATH)"
typep ls
typep builtin
typep ls-temp

至少在Mac OS X v10.6.8（雪豹）上，使用Bash 4.2.24（2）命令-vls与移动的/bin/ls温度不匹配。