我从来没有得到以前的答案来处理我可以访问的盒子。首先，类型已经安装（做更多的事情）。因此需要内置指令。此命令适用于我：

if [ `builtin type -p vim` ]; then echo "TRUE"; else echo "FALSE"; fi

GIT=/usr/bin/git                     # STORE THE RELATIVE PATH
# GIT=$(which git)                   # USE THIS COMMAND TO SEARCH FOR THE RELATIVE PATH

if [[ ! -e $GIT ]]; then             # CHECK IF THE FILE EXISTS
    echo "PROGRAM DOES NOT EXIST."
    exit 1                           # EXIT THE PROGRAM IF IT DOES NOT
fi

# DO SOMETHING ...

exit 0                               # EXIT THE PROGRAM IF IT DOES

这里有很多选择，但我很惊讶没有快速的一句话。这是我在脚本开始时使用的方法：

[[ "$(command -v mvn)" ]] || { echo "mvn is not installed" 1>&2 ; exit 1; }
[[ "$(command -v java)" ]] || { echo "java is not installed" 1>&2 ; exit 1; }

这是基于此处选择的答案和另一个来源。

哈希变量有一个陷阱：例如，可以在命令行中键入

one_folder/process

以执行进程。为此，one_folder的父文件夹必须位于$PATH中。但当您尝试散列此命令时，它总是会成功：

hash one_folder/process; echo $? # will always output '0'

which命令可能有用。男子谁

如果找到可执行文件，则返回0；如果找不到或不可执行，则返回1：

NAME

       which - locate a command

SYNOPSIS

       which [-a] filename ...

DESCRIPTION

       which returns the pathnames of the files which would
       be executed in the current environment, had its
       arguments been given as commands in a strictly
       POSIX-conformant shell. It does this by searching
       the PATH for executable files matching the names
       of the arguments.

OPTIONS

       -a     print all matching pathnames of each argument

EXIT STATUS

       0      if all specified commands are 
              found and executable

       1      if one or more specified commands is nonexistent
              or not executable

       2      if an invalid option is specified

这样做的好处是，它可以确定可执行文件在运行环境中是否可用-这节省了一些问题。。。

仅zsh，但对于zsh脚本非常有用（例如，在编写完成脚本时）：

zsh/parameter模块可以访问内部命令哈希表等。来自man zshmodules：

THE ZSH/PARAMETER MODULE
       The zsh/parameter module gives access to some of the internal hash  ta‐
       bles used by the shell by defining some special parameters.


[...]

       commands
              This  array gives access to the command hash table. The keys are
              the names of external commands, the values are the pathnames  of
              the  files  that would be executed when the command would be in‐
              voked. Setting a key in this array defines a new entry  in  this
              table  in the same way as with the hash builtin. Unsetting a key
              as in `unset "commands[foo]"' removes the entry  for  the  given
              key from the command hash table.

尽管它是一个可加载的模块，但只要zsh不与--simulate一起使用，它似乎是默认加载的。

例子：

martin@martin ~ % echo $commands[zsh]
/usr/bin/zsh

要快速检查某个命令是否可用，只需检查哈希中是否存在密钥：

if (( ${+commands[zsh]} ))
then
  echo "zsh is available"
fi

请注意，散列将包含$PATH文件夹中的任何文件，无论它们是否可执行。为了绝对确定，您必须对此进行统计：

if (( ${+commands[zsh]} )) && [[ -x $commands[zsh] ]]
then
  echo "zsh is available"
fi