哈希变量有一个陷阱：例如，可以在命令行中键入

one_folder/process

以执行进程。为此，one_folder的父文件夹必须位于$PATH中。但当您尝试散列此命令时，它总是会成功：

hash one_folder/process; echo $? # will always output '0'

#!/bin/bash
a=${apt-cache show program}
if [[ $a == 0 ]]
then
echo "the program doesn't exist"
else
echo "the program exists"
fi

#程序不是字面意思，您可以将其更改为要检查的程序名称

which命令可能有用。男子谁

如果找到可执行文件，则返回0；如果找不到或不可执行，则返回1：

NAME

       which - locate a command

SYNOPSIS

       which [-a] filename ...

DESCRIPTION

       which returns the pathnames of the files which would
       be executed in the current environment, had its
       arguments been given as commands in a strictly
       POSIX-conformant shell. It does this by searching
       the PATH for executable files matching the names
       of the arguments.

OPTIONS

       -a     print all matching pathnames of each argument

EXIT STATUS

       0      if all specified commands are 
              found and executable

       1      if one or more specified commands is nonexistent
              or not executable

       2      if an invalid option is specified

这样做的好处是，它可以确定可执行文件在运行环境中是否可用-这节省了一些问题。。。

GIT=/usr/bin/git                     # STORE THE RELATIVE PATH
# GIT=$(which git)                   # USE THIS COMMAND TO SEARCH FOR THE RELATIVE PATH

if [[ ! -e $GIT ]]; then             # CHECK IF THE FILE EXISTS
    echo "PROGRAM DOES NOT EXIST."
    exit 1                           # EXIT THE PROGRAM IF IT DOES NOT
fi

# DO SOMETHING ...

exit 0                               # EXIT THE PROGRAM IF IT DOES

哈希变量有一个陷阱：例如，可以在命令行中键入

one_folder/process

以执行进程。为此，one_folder的父文件夹必须位于$PATH中。但当您尝试散列此命令时，它总是会成功：

hash one_folder/process; echo $? # will always output '0'

尝试使用：

test -x filename

or

[ -x filename ]

从条件表达式下的Bash手册页：

-x文件如果文件存在且可执行，则为True。