检查多个依赖项并向最终用户通知状态

for cmd in latex pandoc; do
  printf '%-10s' "$cmd"
  if hash "$cmd" 2>/dev/null; then
    echo OK
  else
    echo missing
  fi
done

样本输出：

latex     OK
pandoc    missing

将10调整为最大命令长度。这不是自动的，因为我看不到一种非冗长的POSIX方法：如何在Bash中对齐空格分隔表的列？

检查一些apt包是否与dpkg-s一起安装，否则安装。

请参阅：检查是否安装了apt-get包，如果它不在Linux上，则安装它

前面提到过：如何检查Bash脚本中是否存在程序？

如果您可以：

which programname

...

type -P programname

which命令可能有用。男子谁

如果找到可执行文件，则返回0；如果找不到或不可执行，则返回1：

NAME

       which - locate a command

SYNOPSIS

       which [-a] filename ...

DESCRIPTION

       which returns the pathnames of the files which would
       be executed in the current environment, had its
       arguments been given as commands in a strictly
       POSIX-conformant shell. It does this by searching
       the PATH for executable files matching the names
       of the arguments.

OPTIONS

       -a     print all matching pathnames of each argument

EXIT STATUS

       0      if all specified commands are 
              found and executable

       1      if one or more specified commands is nonexistent
              or not executable

       2      if an invalid option is specified

这样做的好处是，它可以确定可执行文件在运行环境中是否可用-这节省了一些问题。。。

checkexists() {
    while [ -n "$1" ]; do
        [ -n "$(which "$1")" ] || echo "$1": command not found
        shift
    done
}

仅zsh，但对于zsh脚本非常有用（例如，在编写完成脚本时）：

zsh/parameter模块可以访问内部命令哈希表等。来自man zshmodules：

THE ZSH/PARAMETER MODULE
       The zsh/parameter module gives access to some of the internal hash  ta‐
       bles used by the shell by defining some special parameters.


[...]

       commands
              This  array gives access to the command hash table. The keys are
              the names of external commands, the values are the pathnames  of
              the  files  that would be executed when the command would be in‐
              voked. Setting a key in this array defines a new entry  in  this
              table  in the same way as with the hash builtin. Unsetting a key
              as in `unset "commands[foo]"' removes the entry  for  the  given
              key from the command hash table.

尽管它是一个可加载的模块，但只要zsh不与--simulate一起使用，它似乎是默认加载的。

例子：

martin@martin ~ % echo $commands[zsh]
/usr/bin/zsh

要快速检查某个命令是否可用，只需检查哈希中是否存在密钥：

if (( ${+commands[zsh]} ))
then
  echo "zsh is available"
fi

请注意，散列将包含$PATH文件夹中的任何文件，无论它们是否可执行。为了绝对确定，您必须对此进行统计：

if (( ${+commands[zsh]} )) && [[ -x $commands[zsh] ]]
then
  echo "zsh is available"
fi

如果您检查程序是否存在，您可能会稍后运行它。为什么不先尝试运行它？

if foo --version >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    echo Found
else
    echo Not found
fi

这是一个更值得信赖的检查程序运行，而不仅仅是查看PATH目录和文件权限。

此外，您可以从程序中获得一些有用的结果，例如其版本。

当然，缺点是有些程序启动起来会很重，有些程序没有--version选项可以立即（并成功）退出。