我有一个对象x。我想将其复制为对象y,这样对y的更改不会修改x。我意识到复制从内置JavaScript对象派生的对象会导致额外的、不需要的财产。这不是问题,因为我正在复制我自己的一个文字构造对象。

如何正确克隆JavaScript对象?


当前回答

我已经编写了自己的实现。不确定它是否算作更好的解决方案:

/*
    a function for deep cloning objects that contains other nested objects and circular structures.
    objects are stored in a 3D array, according to their length (number of properties) and their depth in the original object.
                                    index (z)
                                         |
                                         |
                                         |
                                         |
                                         |
                                         |                      depth (x)
                                         |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
                                        /_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/
                                       /_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/
                                      /_/_/_/_/_/_/...../
                                     /................./
                                    /.....            /
                                   /                 /
                                  /------------------
            object length (y)    /
*/

实施情况如下:

function deepClone(obj) {
    var depth = -1;
    var arr = [];
    return clone(obj, arr, depth);
}

/**
 *
 * @param obj source object
 * @param arr 3D array to store the references to objects
 * @param depth depth of the current object relative to the passed 'obj'
 * @returns {*}
 */
function clone(obj, arr, depth){
    if (typeof obj !== "object") {
        return obj;
    }

    var length = Object.keys(obj).length; // native method to get the number of properties in 'obj'

    var result = Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(obj)); // inherit the prototype of the original object
    if(result instanceof Array){
        result.length = length;
    }

    depth++; // depth is increased because we entered an object here

    arr[depth] = []; // this is the x-axis, each index here is the depth
    arr[depth][length] = []; // this is the y-axis, each index is the length of the object (aka number of props)
    // start the depth at current and go down, cyclic structures won't form on depths more than the current one
    for(var x = depth; x >= 0; x--){
        // loop only if the array at this depth and length already have elements
        if(arr[x][length]){
            for(var index = 0; index < arr[x][length].length; index++){
                if(obj === arr[x][length][index]){
                    return obj;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    arr[depth][length].push(obj); // store the object in the array at the current depth and length
    for (var prop in obj) {
        if (obj.hasOwnProperty(prop)) result[prop] = clone(obj[prop], arr, depth);
    }

    return result;
}

其他回答

我已经在标量对象的情况下尝试过这一点,它对我很有用:

function binder(i) {
  return function () {
    return i;
  };
}

a=1;
b=binder(a)(); // copy value of a into b

alert(++a); // 2
alert(b); // still 1

当做

我不知道这在哪些情况下不起作用,但它给了我一个数组的副本。我觉得它很可爱:)希望它有帮助

copiedArr = origArr.filter(function(x){return true})

根据MDN:

如果要浅层复制,请使用Object.assign({},a)对于“深度”复制,请使用JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(a))

不需要外部库,但您需要首先检查浏览器兼容性。

复制最终可能指向自身的对象的问题可以通过简单的检查来解决。每次有复制操作时,添加此复选框。它可能很慢,但应该会起作用。

我使用toType()函数显式返回对象类型。我也有自己的copyObj()函数,它在逻辑上非常相似,可以回答所有三种Object()、Array()和Date()情况。

我在NodeJS中运行它。

尚未测试。

// Returns true, if one of the parent's children is the target.
// This is useful, for avoiding copyObj() through an infinite loop!
function isChild(target, parent) {
  if (toType(parent) == '[object Object]') {
    for (var name in parent) {
      var curProperty = parent[name];

      // Direct child.
      if (curProperty = target) return true;

      // Check if target is a child of this property, and so on, recursively.
      if (toType(curProperty) == '[object Object]' || toType(curProperty) == '[object Array]') {
        if (isChild(target, curProperty)) return true;
      }
    }
  } else if (toType(parent) == '[object Array]') {
    for (var i=0; i < parent.length; i++) {
      var curItem = parent[i];

      // Direct child.
      if (curItem = target) return true;

      // Check if target is a child of this property, and so on, recursively.
      if (toType(curItem) == '[object Object]' || toType(curItem) == '[object Array]') {
        if (isChild(target, curItem)) return true;
      }
    }
  }

  return false;     // Not the target.
}

这里许多同行针对深度克隆提出的解决方案JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(orig_obj)有几个问题,我发现这些问题如下:

它在复制原始对象中未定义值的条目时丢弃这些条目,如果有一些值,如Infinity、NaN等,它们将在复制时转换为null,如果原始对象中存在Date类型,则它将在克隆对象中字符串化(typeof Date_entry-->string)。

找到了一种克隆对象的有效方法,它在各种场景中都很适合我。请看一看下面的代码,因为它已经解决了JSON.parse(…)的所有上述缺陷,但最终实现了正确的深度克隆:

var orig_obj = {
  string: 'my_str',
  number: 123,
  bool: false,
  nul: null,
  nested : {
    value : true
  },
  nan : NaN,
  date: new Date(), 
  undef: undefined,
  inf: Infinity,
}
console.log("original_obj before modification: ", orig_obj, "\n");
console.log(typeof orig_obj.date, "\n");

var clone_obj = Object.assign({}, orig_obj);

//this below loop will help in deep cloning and solving above issues
for(let prop in orig_obj) {
    if(typeof orig_obj[prop] === "object") {
        if(orig_obj[prop] instanceof Date)
            clone_obj[prop] = orig_obj[prop];
        else {
            clone_obj[prop] = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(orig_obj[prop]));
        }
    }
}

console.log("cloned_obj before modification: ", orig_obj, "\n");

clone_obj.bool = true;
clone_obj.nested.value = "false";

console.log("original_obj post modification: ", orig_obj, "\n");
console.log("cloned_obj post modification: ", clone_obj, "\n");
console.log(typeof clone_obj.date);