我如何在另一个JavaScript文件中添加一个JavaScript文件,类似于CSS中的 @import?
当前回答
在现代语言中,如果脚本已经加载了,则会:
function loadJs( url ){
return new Promise(( resolve, reject ) => {
if (document.querySelector( `head > script[ src = "${url}" ]`) !== null ){
console.warn( `script already loaded: ${url}` );
resolve();
}
const script = document.createElement( "script" );
script.src = url;
script.onload = resolve;
script.onerror = function( reason ){
// This can be useful for your error-handling code
reason.message = `error trying to load script ${url}`;
reject( reason );
};
document.head.appendChild( script );
});
}
使用(async/await):
try { await loadJs("https://.../script.js"); }
catch(error) { console.log(error); }
或
await loadJs( "https://.../script.js" ).catch( err => {} );
使用(承诺):
loadJs( "https://.../script.js" ).then( res => {} ).catch( err => {} );
其他回答
还有 Head.js. 很容易处理:
head.load("js/jquery.min.js",
"js/jquery.someplugin.js",
"js/jquery.someplugin.css", function() {
alert("Everything is ok!");
});
正如你所看到的,它比 Require.js 更容易,而且像 jQuery 的 $.getScript 方法一样方便,它还有一些先进的功能,如条件加载、功能检测等。
与 $.getScript 和实际上任何其他解决方案需要一个呼叫回复,当加载完成时的问题是,如果你有多个文件使用它,并依赖对方,你已经没有办法知道什么时候所有的脚本被加载(一旦它们被纳入多个文件)。
文件3JS
var f3obj = "file3";
// Define other stuff
文件2JS:
var f2obj = "file2";
$.getScript("file3.js", function(){
alert(f3obj);
// Use anything defined in file3.
});
此分類上一篇: JS
$.getScript("file2.js", function(){
alert(f3obj); //This will probably fail because file3 is only guaranteed to have loaded inside the callback in file2.
alert(f2obj);
// Use anything defined in the loaded script...
});
您可以尝试使用 $.when 检查一系列丢失的对象,但现在您正在做这一点在每个文件和文件2 将被视为加载,一旦 $.when 执行,而不是当呼叫回复执行,所以文件1 仍然继续执行之前文件3 被加载,这真的仍然有相同的问题。
我喜欢延长jQuery的想法,但显然你不需要。
在呼叫document.writeln之前,它检查以确保脚本已经没有被加载,通过评估所有脚本元素。
而不是这个方法,你可以尝试修改 jQuery readyList,但这似乎是一个更糟糕的解决方案。
解决方案:
$.extend(true,
{
import_js : function(scriptpath, reAddLast)
{
if (typeof reAddLast === "undefined" || reAddLast === null)
{
reAddLast = true; // Default this value to true. It is not used by the end user, only to facilitate recursion correctly.
}
var found = false;
if (reAddLast == true) // If we are re-adding the originating script we do not care if it has already been added.
{
found = $('script').filter(function () {
return ($(this).attr('src') == scriptpath);
}).length != 0; // jQuery to check if the script already exists. (replace it with straight JavaScript if you don't like jQuery.
}
if (found == false) {
var callingScriptPath = $('script').last().attr("src"); // Get the script that is currently loading. Again this creates a limitation where this should not be used in a button, and only before document.ready.
document.writeln("<script type='text/javascript' src='" + scriptpath + "'></script>"); // Add the script to the document using writeln
if (reAddLast)
{
$.import_js(callingScriptPath, false); // Call itself with the originating script to fix the order.
throw 'Readding script to correct order: ' + scriptpath + ' < ' + callingScriptPath; // This halts execution of the originating script since it is getting reloaded. If you put a try / catch around the call to $.import_js you results will vary.
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
});
使用:
var f3obj = "file3";
// Define other stuff
$(function(){
f3obj = "file3docready";
});
文件2:
$.import_js('js/file3.js');
var f2obj = "file2";
$(function(){
f2obj = "file2docready";
});
文件1:
$.import_js('js/file2.js');
// Use objects from file2 or file3
alert(f3obj); // "file3"
alert(f2obj); // "file2"
$(function(){
// Use objects from file2 or file3 some more.
alert(f3obj); //"file3docready"
alert(f2obj); //"file2docready"
});
我创建了一个功能,它将允许你使用类似于C#/Java的语法,以包含一个JavaScript文件。我已经测试了一点甚至从另一个JavaScript文件的内部,它似乎工作。
我把这个代码放在我的脚本目录的根源文件(我称之为 global.js,但你可以使用你想要的任何东西. 除非我错了这个和jQuery应该是唯一需要的脚本在一个特定的页面上. 请记住,这在很大程度上是未测试的某些基本使用,所以可能或可能没有任何问题与我做了的方式; 使用在自己的风险,我没有责任,如果你 scr
/**
* @fileoverview This file stores global functions that are required by other libraries.
*/
if (typeof(jQuery) === 'undefined') {
throw 'jQuery is required.';
}
/** Defines the base script directory that all .js files are assumed to be organized under. */
var BASE_DIR = 'js/';
/**
* Loads the specified file, outputting it to the <head> HTMLElement.
*
* This method mimics the use of using in C# or import in Java, allowing
* JavaScript files to "load" other JavaScript files that they depend on
* using a familiar syntax.
*
* This method assumes all scripts are under a directory at the root and will
* append the .js file extension automatically.
*
* @param {string} file A file path to load using C#/Java "dot" syntax.
*
* Example Usage:
* imports('core.utils.extensions');
* This will output: <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/core/utils/extensions.js"></script>
*/
function imports(file) {
var fileName = file.substr(file.lastIndexOf('.') + 1, file.length);
// Convert PascalCase name to underscore_separated_name
var regex = new RegExp(/([A-Z])/g);
if (regex.test(fileName)) {
var separated = fileName.replace(regex, ",$1").replace(',', '');
fileName = separated.replace(/[,]/g, '_');
}
// Remove the original JavaScript file name to replace with underscore version
file = file.substr(0, file.lastIndexOf('.'));
// Convert the dot syntax to directory syntax to actually load the file
if (file.indexOf('.') > 0) {
file = file.replace(/[.]/g, '/');
}
var src = BASE_DIR + file + '/' + fileName.toLowerCase() + '.js';
var script = document.createElement('script');
script.type = 'text/javascript';
script.src = src;
$('head').find('script:last').append(script);
}
$("head").append($("<script></script>").attr("src", url));
/* Note that following line of code is incorrect because it doesn't escape the
* HTML attribute src correctly and will fail if `url` contains special characters:
* $("head").append('<script src="' + url + '"></script>');
*/
但是,这个方法也有一个问题:如果一个错误发生在进口的JavaScript文件,Firebug(以及Firefox Error Console和Chrome Developer Tools也)将报告其位置错误,这是一个很大的问题,如果你使用Firebug跟踪JavaScript错误很多(我做)。
但是,如果这不是一个问题,那么这个方法应该工作。
我實際上寫了一個名為 $.import_js() 的 jQuery 插件,使用此方法:
(function($)
{
/*
* $.import_js() helper (for JavaScript importing within JavaScript code).
*/
var import_js_imported = [];
$.extend(true,
{
import_js : function(script)
{
var found = false;
for (var i = 0; i < import_js_imported.length; i++)
if (import_js_imported[i] == script) {
found = true;
break;
}
if (found == false) {
$("head").append($('<script></script').attr('src', script));
import_js_imported.push(script);
}
}
});
})(jQuery);
因此,所有你需要做才能进口JavaScript是:
$.import_js('/path_to_project/scripts/somefunctions.js');
我也做了一个简单的测试为这个例子。
它包含主.js 文件在主 HTML 中,然后在主.js 中的脚本使用 $.import_js() 来导入一个名为 included.js 的额外文件,该文件定义了此功能:
function hello()
{
alert("Hello world!");
}
(这个答案是回复e-satis的评论)。
下面是没有jQuery的同步版本:
function myRequire( url ) {
var ajax = new XMLHttpRequest();
ajax.open( 'GET', url, false ); // <-- the 'false' makes it synchronous
ajax.onreadystatechange = function () {
var script = ajax.response || ajax.responseText;
if (ajax.readyState === 4) {
switch( ajax.status) {
case 200:
eval.apply( window, [script] );
console.log("script loaded: ", url);
break;
default:
console.log("ERROR: script not loaded: ", url);
}
}
};
ajax.send(null);
}
请注意,为了获得此工作跨域,服务器将需要在其响应中设置允许起源标题。