我一直在寻找一种简单的Java算法来生成伪随机字母数字字符串。在我的情况下,它将被用作唯一的会话/密钥标识符,“很可能”在超过50万代的时间内是唯一的(我的需求实际上不需要更复杂的东西)。

理想情况下,我可以根据我的独特性需求指定长度。例如,生成的长度为12的字符串可能看起来像“AEYGF7K0DM1X”。


当前回答

我使用的是一个非常简单的Java8解决方案。只需根据您的需求进行定制。

...
import java.security.SecureRandom;
...

//Generate a random String of length between 10 to 20.
//Length is also randomly generated here.
SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();

String sampleSet = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_";

int stringLength = random.ints(1, 10, 21).mapToObj(x -> x).reduce((a, b) -> a).get();

String randomString = random.ints(stringLength, 0, sampleSet.length() - 1)
        .mapToObj(x -> sampleSet.charAt(x))
        .collect(Collector
            .of(StringBuilder::new, StringBuilder::append,
                StringBuilder::append, StringBuilder::toString));

我们可以使用它生成如下的字母数字随机字符串(返回的字符串将强制包含一些非数字字符以及一些数字字符):

public String generateRandomString() {
            
    String sampleSet = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz_";
    String sampleSetNumeric = "0123456789";
    
    String randomString = getRandomString(sampleSet, 10, 21);
    String randomStringNumeric = getRandomString(sampleSetNumeric, 10, 21);
    
    randomString = randomString + randomStringNumeric;
    
    //Convert String to List<Character>
    List<Character> list = randomString.chars()
            .mapToObj(x -> (char)x)
            .collect(Collectors.toList());
    
    Collections.shuffle(list);
    
    //This is needed to force a non-numeric character as the first String
    //Skip this for() if you don't need this logic

    for(;;) {
        if(Character.isDigit(list.get(0))) Collections.shuffle(list);
        else break;
    }
    
    //Convert List<Character> to String
    randomString = list.stream()
            .map(String::valueOf)
            .collect(Collectors.joining());
    
    return randomString;
    
}

//Generate a random number between the lower bound (inclusive) and upper bound (exclusive)
private int getRandomLength(int min, int max) {
    SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();
    return random.ints(1, min, max).mapToObj(x -> x).reduce((a, b) -> a).get();
}

//Generate a random String from the given sample string, having a random length between the lower bound (inclusive) and upper bound (exclusive)
private String getRandomString(String sampleSet, int min, int max) {
    SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();
    return random.ints(getRandomLength(min, max), 0, sampleSet.length() - 1)
    .mapToObj(x -> sampleSet.charAt(x))
    .collect(Collector
        .of(StringBuilder::new, StringBuilder::append,
            StringBuilder::append, StringBuilder::toString));
}

其他回答

public static String getRandomString(int length)
{
    String randomStr = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
    while(randomStr.length() < length) {
        randomStr += UUID.randomUUID().toString();
    }
    return randomStr.substring(0, length);
}

您可以创建一个包含所有字母和数字的字符数组,然后可以从该字符数组中随机选择并创建自己的字符串密码。

char[] chars = new char[62]; // Sum of letters and numbers

int i = 0;

for(char c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; c++) { // For letters
    chars[i++] = c;
}

for(char c = '0'; c <= '9';c++) { // For numbers
    chars[i++] = c;
}

for(char c = 'A'; c <= 'Z';c++) { // For capital letters
    chars[i++] = c;
}

int numberOfCodes = 0;
String code = "";
while (numberOfCodes < 1) { // Enter how much you want to generate at one time
    int numChars = 8; // Enter how many digits you want in your password

    for(i = 0; i < numChars; i++) {
        char c = chars[(int)(Math.random() * chars.length)];
        code = code + c;
    }
    System.out.println("Code is:" + code);
}

我使用的是一个非常简单的Java8解决方案。只需根据您的需求进行定制。

...
import java.security.SecureRandom;
...

//Generate a random String of length between 10 to 20.
//Length is also randomly generated here.
SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();

String sampleSet = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_";

int stringLength = random.ints(1, 10, 21).mapToObj(x -> x).reduce((a, b) -> a).get();

String randomString = random.ints(stringLength, 0, sampleSet.length() - 1)
        .mapToObj(x -> sampleSet.charAt(x))
        .collect(Collector
            .of(StringBuilder::new, StringBuilder::append,
                StringBuilder::append, StringBuilder::toString));

我们可以使用它生成如下的字母数字随机字符串(返回的字符串将强制包含一些非数字字符以及一些数字字符):

public String generateRandomString() {
            
    String sampleSet = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz_";
    String sampleSetNumeric = "0123456789";
    
    String randomString = getRandomString(sampleSet, 10, 21);
    String randomStringNumeric = getRandomString(sampleSetNumeric, 10, 21);
    
    randomString = randomString + randomStringNumeric;
    
    //Convert String to List<Character>
    List<Character> list = randomString.chars()
            .mapToObj(x -> (char)x)
            .collect(Collectors.toList());
    
    Collections.shuffle(list);
    
    //This is needed to force a non-numeric character as the first String
    //Skip this for() if you don't need this logic

    for(;;) {
        if(Character.isDigit(list.get(0))) Collections.shuffle(list);
        else break;
    }
    
    //Convert List<Character> to String
    randomString = list.stream()
            .map(String::valueOf)
            .collect(Collectors.joining());
    
    return randomString;
    
}

//Generate a random number between the lower bound (inclusive) and upper bound (exclusive)
private int getRandomLength(int min, int max) {
    SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();
    return random.ints(1, min, max).mapToObj(x -> x).reduce((a, b) -> a).get();
}

//Generate a random String from the given sample string, having a random length between the lower bound (inclusive) and upper bound (exclusive)
private String getRandomString(String sampleSet, int min, int max) {
    SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();
    return random.ints(getRandomLength(min, max), 0, sampleSet.length() - 1)
    .mapToObj(x -> sampleSet.charAt(x))
    .collect(Collector
        .of(StringBuilder::new, StringBuilder::append,
            StringBuilder::append, StringBuilder::toString));
}

令人惊讶的是,这里没有人建议,但:

import java.util.UUID

UUID.randomUUID().toString();

容易的

这样做的好处是UUID很好、很长,并且保证几乎不可能发生冲突。

维基百科对此有很好的解释:

“……只有在未来100年内每秒生成10亿个UUID之后,仅创建一个重复的概率才会达到50%。”

前四位是版本类型,两位是变体,因此您可以得到122位随机数。因此,如果需要,可以从末尾截断以减小UUID的大小。这是不推荐的,但你仍然有大量的随机性,足以让你的500k记录变得容易。

使用美元应简单如下:

// "0123456789" + "ABCDE...Z"
String validCharacters = $('0', '9').join() + $('A', 'Z').join();

String randomString(int length) {
    return $(validCharacters).shuffle().slice(length).toString();
}

@Test
public void buildFiveRandomStrings() {
    for (int i : $(5)) {
        System.out.println(randomString(12));
    }
}

它输出的内容如下:

DKL1SBH9UJWC
JH7P0IT21EA5
5DTI72EO6SFU
HQUMJTEBNF7Y
1HCR6SKYWGT7