何时从“订阅”中退订?

什么时候我应该存储订阅实例和调用unsubscribe()在ngOnDestroy生命周期，什么时候我可以简单地忽略它们?

保存所有订阅会给组件代码带来很多麻烦。

HTTP客户端指南忽略这样的订阅:

getHeroes() {
  this.heroService.getHeroes()
                  .subscribe(
                     heroes => this.heroes = heroes,
                     error =>  this.errorMessage = <any>error);
}

同时，《航路指南》指出:

最终，我们会航行到别的地方。路由器将从DOM中移除这个组件并销毁它。在那之前，我们得把自己弄干净。具体来说，我们必须在Angular销毁该组件之前取消订阅。如果不这样做，可能会产生内存泄漏。我们在ngOnDestroy方法中取消订阅我们的可观察对象。

private sub: any;

ngOnInit() {
  this.sub = this.route.params.subscribe(params => {
     let id = +params['id']; // (+) converts string 'id' to a number
     this.service.getHero(id).then(hero => this.hero = hero);
   });
}

ngOnDestroy() {
  this.sub.unsubscribe();
}

当前回答

如果需要取消订阅，可以使用以下可观察管道方法的操作符

import { Observable, Subject } from 'rxjs';
import { takeUntil } from 'rxjs/operators';
import { OnDestroy } from '@angular/core';

export const takeUntilDestroyed = (componentInstance: OnDestroy) => <T>(observable: Observable<T>) => {
  const subjectPropertyName = '__takeUntilDestroySubject__';
  const originalOnDestroy = componentInstance.ngOnDestroy;
  const componentSubject = componentInstance[subjectPropertyName] as Subject<any> || new Subject();

  componentInstance.ngOnDestroy = (...args) => {
    originalOnDestroy.apply(componentInstance, args);
    componentSubject.next(true);
    componentSubject.complete();
  };

  return observable.pipe(takeUntil<T>(componentSubject));
};

它可以这样使用:

import { Component, OnDestroy, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs';

@Component({ template: '<div></div>' })
export class SomeComponent implements OnInit, OnDestroy {

  ngOnInit(): void {
    const observable = Observable.create(observer => {
      observer.next('Hello');
    });

    observable
      .pipe(takeUntilDestroyed(this))
      .subscribe(val => console.log(val));
  }

  ngOnDestroy(): void {
  }
}

操作符包装组件的ngOnDestroy方法。

重点:操作符应该在可观察管道的最后一个。

2019-02-20 15:07:51

其他回答

你不需要有一堆订阅和取消手动订阅。使用Subject和takeUntil组合来像boss一样处理订阅:

import { Subject } from "rxjs"
import { takeUntil } from "rxjs/operators"

@Component({
  moduleId: __moduleName,
  selector: "my-view",
  templateUrl: "../views/view-route.view.html"
})
export class ViewRouteComponent implements OnInit, OnDestroy {
  componentDestroyed$: Subject<boolean> = new Subject()

  constructor(private titleService: TitleService) {}

  ngOnInit() {
    this.titleService.emitter1$
      .pipe(takeUntil(this.componentDestroyed$))
      .subscribe((data: any) => { /* ... do something 1 */ })

    this.titleService.emitter2$
      .pipe(takeUntil(this.componentDestroyed$))
      .subscribe((data: any) => { /* ... do something 2 */ })

    //...

    this.titleService.emitterN$
      .pipe(takeUntil(this.componentDestroyed$))
      .subscribe((data: any) => { /* ... do something N */ })
  }

  ngOnDestroy() {
    this.componentDestroyed$.next(true)
    this.componentDestroyed$.complete()
  }
}

@acumartini在评论中提出了另一种方法，使用takeWhile而不是takeUntil。你可能更喜欢它，但要注意，这样你的Observable的执行就不会在组件的ngDestroy上被取消(例如，当你进行耗时的计算或等待来自服务器的数据时)。方法没有这个缺陷，它会导致立即取消请求。感谢@AlexChe在评论中的详细解释。

代码如下:

@Component({
  moduleId: __moduleName,
  selector: "my-view",
  templateUrl: "../views/view-route.view.html"
})
export class ViewRouteComponent implements OnInit, OnDestroy {
  alive: boolean = true

  constructor(private titleService: TitleService) {}

  ngOnInit() {
    this.titleService.emitter1$
      .pipe(takeWhile(() => this.alive))
      .subscribe((data: any) => { /* ... do something 1 */ })

    this.titleService.emitter2$
      .pipe(takeWhile(() => this.alive))
      .subscribe((data: any) => { /* ... do something 2 */ })

    // ...

    this.titleService.emitterN$
      .pipe(takeWhile(() => this.alive))
      .subscribe((data: any) => { /* ... do something N */ })
  }

  ngOnDestroy() {
    this.alive = false
  }
}

2017-03-09 12:35:47

由于seangwright的解决方案(编辑3)似乎非常有用，我也发现将这个功能打包到基本组件中是一个痛苦的过程，并提示其他项目队友记住在ngOnDestroy上调用super()来激活这个功能。

这个答案提供了一种从super调用中释放的方法，并使"componentDestroyed$"成为base component的核心。

class BaseClass {
    protected componentDestroyed$: Subject<void> = new Subject<void>();
    constructor() {

        /// wrap the ngOnDestroy to be an Observable. and set free from calling super() on ngOnDestroy.
        let _$ = this.ngOnDestroy;
        this.ngOnDestroy = () => {
            this.componentDestroyed$.next();
            this.componentDestroyed$.complete();
            _$();
        }
    }

    /// placeholder of ngOnDestroy. no need to do super() call of extended class.
    ngOnDestroy() {}
}

然后你可以自由地使用这个功能，例如:

@Component({
    selector: 'my-thing',
    templateUrl: './my-thing.component.html'
})
export class MyThingComponent extends BaseClass implements OnInit, OnDestroy {
    constructor(
        private myThingService: MyThingService,
    ) { super(); }

    ngOnInit() {
        this.myThingService.getThings()
            .takeUntil(this.componentDestroyed$)
            .subscribe(things => console.log(things));
    }

    /// optional. not a requirement to implement OnDestroy
    ngOnDestroy() {
        console.log('everything works as intended with or without super call');
    }

}

2017-04-24 04:30:41

订阅本质上只有一个unsubscribe()函数来释放资源或取消可观察对象的执行。在Angular中，当组件被销毁时，我们必须从Observable中取消订阅。幸运的是，Angular有一个ngOnDestroy钩子，它会在组件被销毁之前被调用，这使得开发人员可以在这里提供清理人员，以避免挂起订阅、打开门户，以及将来可能会在背后伤害我们的事情

@Component({...})
export class AppComponent implements OnInit, OnDestroy {
    subscription: Subscription 
    ngOnInit () {
        var observable = Rx.Observable.interval(1000);
        this.subscription = observable.subscribe(x => console.log(x));
    }
    ngOnDestroy() {
        this.subscription.unsubscribe()
    }
}

我们添加了ngOnDestroy到我们的appcomponent，并在这个上调用unsubscribe方法。订阅可观察到的

如果有多个订阅:

@Component({...})
export class AppComponent implements OnInit, OnDestroy {
    subscription1$: Subscription
    subscription2$: Subscription 
    ngOnInit () {
        var observable1$ = Rx.Observable.interval(1000);
        var observable2$ = Rx.Observable.interval(400);
        this.subscription1$ = observable.subscribe(x => console.log("From interval 1000" x));
        this.subscription2$ = observable.subscribe(x => console.log("From interval 400" x));
    }
    ngOnDestroy() {
        this.subscription1$.unsubscribe()
        this.subscription2$.unsubscribe()
    }
}

2020-07-23 09:56:11

为了处理订阅，我使用了一个“Unsubscriber”类。

这里是退订类。

export class Unsubscriber implements OnDestroy {
  private subscriptions: Subscription[] = [];

  addSubscription(subscription: Subscription | Subscription[]) {
    if (Array.isArray(subscription)) {
      this.subscriptions.push(...subscription);
    } else {
      this.subscriptions.push(subscription);
    }
  }

  unsubscribe() {
    this.subscriptions
      .filter(subscription => subscription)
      .forEach(subscription => {
        subscription.unsubscribe();
      });
  }

  ngOnDestroy() {
    this.unsubscribe();
  }
}

你可以在任何组件/服务/效果等中使用这个类。

例子:

class SampleComponent extends Unsubscriber {
    constructor () {
        super();
    }

    this.addSubscription(subscription);
}

2019-05-20 10:33:05

出于性能原因，总是建议从你的可观察订阅中取消订阅，以避免内存泄漏，有不同的方法，

顺便说一下，我读了大部分的答案，我没有发现有人在谈论异步管道，推荐在Angular应用中使用Rxjs模式，因为它在离开组件时会自动提供订阅和订阅，而这些订阅将被销毁:

请找到一个如何实现它的例子

app.compoennt.ts:

import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs';

import { BookService } from './book.service';
import { Book } from './book';

@Component({
   selector: 'app-observable',
   templateUrl: './observable.component.html'
})
export class AppComponent implements OnInit { 
   books$: Observable<Book[]>
   constructor(private bookService: BookService) { }
   ngOnInit(): void {
        this.books$ = this.bookService.getBooksWithObservable();
   }
}

app.compoennt.html:

<h3>AsyncPipe with Promise using NgFor</h3>
<ul>
  <li *ngFor="let book of books$ | async" >
    Id: {{book?.id}}, Name: {{book?.name}}
  </li>
</ul>

2021-07-13 22:32:19

何时从“订阅”中退订?

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