Angular 2官方文档提供了一个关于何时退订以及何时可以安全忽略的解释。看看这个链接:

https://angular.io/docs/ts/latest/cookbook/component-communication.html !# bidirectional-service

寻找标题为“父母和孩子通过服务通信”的段落，然后是蓝色方框:

注意，当AstronautComponent被销毁时，我们捕获了订阅并取消了订阅。这是一个内存泄漏保护步骤。在这个应用程序中没有实际的风险，因为AstronautComponent的生命周期与应用程序本身的生命周期相同。在更复杂的应用程序中，这并不总是正确的。 我们没有将这个守卫添加到MissionControlComponent中，因为作为父组件，它控制着MissionService的生命周期。

我希望这对你有所帮助。

SubSink包，一个简单而一致的取消订阅的解决方案

由于没有人提到它，我想推荐Ward Bell创建的Subsink包:https://github.com/wardbell/subsink#readme。

我一直在一个项目中使用它，我们有几个开发人员都在使用它。在任何情况下都有一种一致的工作方式是很有帮助的。

视情况而定。如果通过调用someObservable.subscribe()，您开始占用一些资源，当组件的生命周期结束时必须手动释放这些资源，那么您应该调用subscription .unsubscribe()来防止内存泄漏。

让我们仔细看看你的例子:

getHero()返回http.get()的结果。如果你查看angular 2的源代码，会发现http.get()创建了两个事件监听器:

_xhr.addEventListener('load', onLoad);
_xhr.addEventListener('error', onError);

通过调用unsubscribe()，你可以取消请求和监听器:

_xhr.removeEventListener('load', onLoad);
_xhr.removeEventListener('error', onError);
_xhr.abort();

请注意，_xhr是特定于平台的，但我认为在您的情况下，可以安全地假设它是XMLHttpRequest()。

通常，这已经足够证明需要手动unsubscribe()调用了。但是根据WHATWG规范，XMLHttpRequest()一旦“完成”就会受到垃圾收集的影响，即使有事件监听器附加到它。所以我想这就是为什么angular 2官方指南省略了unsubscribe()，让GC清理侦听器。

至于第二个例子，它取决于参数的实现。从今天起，angular官方指南不再显示取消订阅参数。我再次查看了src，发现params只是一个行为主体。由于没有使用事件侦听器或计时器，也没有创建全局变量，因此省略unsubscribe()应该是安全的。

你的问题的底线是总是调用unsubscribe()来防止内存泄漏，除非你确定可观察对象的执行不会创建全局变量、添加事件侦听器、设置计时器或做任何其他导致内存泄漏的事情。

如果有疑问，请查看该可观察对象的实现。如果可观察对象已经在其unsubscribe()中写入了一些清理逻辑，这通常是构造函数返回的函数，那么你有充分的理由认真考虑调用unsubscribe()。

Angular 2官方文档提供了一个关于何时退订以及何时可以安全忽略的解释。看看这个链接:

https://angular.io/docs/ts/latest/cookbook/component-communication.html !# bidirectional-service

寻找标题为“父母和孩子通过服务通信”的段落，然后是蓝色方框:

注意，当AstronautComponent被销毁时，我们捕获了订阅并取消了订阅。这是一个内存泄漏保护步骤。在这个应用程序中没有实际的风险，因为AstronautComponent的生命周期与应用程序本身的生命周期相同。在更复杂的应用程序中，这并不总是正确的。 我们没有将这个守卫添加到MissionControlComponent中，因为作为父组件，它控制着MissionService的生命周期。

我希望这对你有所帮助。

Angular组件中关于可观察对象取消订阅的一些最佳实践:

引用自《路由与导航》

When subscribing to an observable in a component, you almost always arrange to unsubscribe when the component is destroyed. There are a few exceptional observables where this is not necessary. The ActivatedRoute observables are among the exceptions. The ActivatedRoute and its observables are insulated from the Router itself. The Router destroys a routed component when it is no longer needed and the injected ActivatedRoute dies with it. Feel free to unsubscribe anyway. It is harmless and never a bad practice.

并在回复以下链接时:

我应该取消订阅Angular 2 Http observable吗? (2)是否有必要取消订阅Http方法创建的可观察对象? (3) RxJS:不要退订 (4)在Angular中取消订阅可观察对象的最简单方法 (5) RxJS退订的文档 (6)取消订阅服务是没有意义的，因为没有内存泄漏的机会 (7)我们需要取消订阅完成/错误输出的可观察对象吗? (8)关于http可观察对象的注释

我收集了一些Angular组件中关于可观察对象取消订阅的最佳实践，与大家分享:

http observable unsubscription is conditional and we should consider the effects of the 'subscribe callback' being run after the component is destroyed on a case by case basis. We know that angular unsubscribes and cleans the http observable itself (1), (2). While this is true from the perspective of resources it only tells half the story. Let's say we're talking about directly calling http from within a component, and the http response took longer than needed so the user closed the component. The subscribe() handler will still be called even if the component is closed and destroyed. This can have unwanted side effects and in the worse scenarios leave the application state broken. It can also cause exceptions if the code in the callback tries to call something that has just been disposed of. However at the same time occasionally they are desired. Like, let's say you're creating an email client and you trigger a sound when the email is done sending - well you'd still want that to occur even if the component is closed (8). No need to unsubscribe from observables that complete or error. However, there is no harm in doing so(7). Use AsyncPipe as much as possible because it automatically unsubscribes from the observable on component destruction. Unsubscribe from the ActivatedRoute observables like route.params if they are subscribed inside a nested (Added inside tpl with the component selector) or dynamic component as they may be subscribed many times as long as the parent/host component exists. No need to unsubscribe from them in other scenarios as mentioned in the quote above from Routing & Navigation docs. Unsubscribe from global observables shared between components that are exposed through an Angular service for example as they may be subscribed multiple times as long as the component is initialized. No need to unsubscribe from internal observables of an application scoped service since this service never get's destroyed, unless your entire application get's destroyed, there is no real reason to unsubscribe from it and there is no chance of memory leaks. (6). Note: Regarding scoped services, i.e component providers, they are destroyed when the component is destroyed. In this case, if we subscribe to any observable inside this provider, we should consider unsubscribing from it using the OnDestroy lifecycle hook which will be called when the service is destroyed, according to the docs. Use an abstract technique to avoid any code mess that may be resulted from unsubscriptions. You can manage your subscriptions with takeUntil (3) or you can use this npm package mentioned at (4) The easiest way to unsubscribe from Observables in Angular. Always unsubscribe from FormGroup observables like form.valueChanges and form.statusChanges Always unsubscribe from observables of Renderer2 service like renderer2.listen Unsubscribe from every observable else as a memory-leak guard step until Angular Docs explicitly tells us which observables are unnecessary to be unsubscribed (Check issue: (5) Documentation for RxJS Unsubscribing (Open)). Bonus: Always use the Angular ways to bind events like HostListener as angular cares well about removing the event listeners if needed and prevents any potential memory leak due to event bindings.

最后一个小技巧:如果你不知道一个可观察对象是否被自动取消订阅/完成，添加一个完整的回调到subscribe(…)，并检查它是否在组件销毁时被调用。

当组件被销毁时，你通常需要取消订阅，但随着我们的发展，Angular会越来越多地处理它，例如在Angular4的新小版本中，他们有这个部分用于路由取消订阅:

你需要取消订阅吗?如在 ActivatedRoute:一站式的路线信息部分 路由和导航页面，路由器管理它的观察对象 提供并本地化订阅。订阅是 当组件被破坏时进行清理，以防止内存 泄漏，所以你不需要从路由paramMap取消订阅 可观察到的。

下面的例子也是Angular中创建一个组件并销毁它的好例子，看看组件是如何实现OnDestroy的，如果你需要onInit，你也可以在你的组件中实现它，比如实现onInit, OnDestroy

import { Component, Input, OnDestroy } from '@angular/core';  
import { MissionService } from './mission.service';
import { Subscription }   from 'rxjs/Subscription';

@Component({
  selector: 'my-astronaut',
  template: `
    <p>
      {{astronaut}}: <strong>{{mission}}</strong>
      <button
        (click)="confirm()"
        [disabled]="!announced || confirmed">
        Confirm
      </button>
    </p>
  `
})

export class AstronautComponent implements OnDestroy {
  @Input() astronaut: string;
  mission = '<no mission announced>';
  confirmed = false;
  announced = false;
  subscription: Subscription;

  constructor(private missionService: MissionService) {
    this.subscription = missionService.missionAnnounced$.subscribe(
      mission => {
        this.mission = mission;
        this.announced = true;
        this.confirmed = false;
    });
  }

  confirm() {
    this.confirmed = true;
    this.missionService.confirmMission(this.astronaut);
  }

  ngOnDestroy() {
    // prevent memory leak when component destroyed
    this.subscription.unsubscribe();
  }
}