您可以使用Node.js文件系统命令fs。Stat检查目录是否存在。Mkdir创建一个带有回调的目录，或fs. Mkdir。mkdirSync创建一个没有回调的目录，如下所示:

// First require fs
const fs = require('fs');

// Create directory if not exist (function)
const createDir = (path) => {
    // Check if dir exist
    fs.stat(path, (err, stats) => {
        if (stats.isDirectory()) {
            // Do nothing
        } else {
            // If the given path is not a directory, create a directory
            fs.mkdirSync(path);
        }
    });
};

下面是一个递归创建目录的小函数:

const createDir = (dir) => {
  // This will create a dir given a path such as './folder/subfolder' 
  const splitPath = dir.split('/');
  splitPath.reduce((path, subPath) => {
    let currentPath;
    if(subPath != '.'){
      currentPath = path + '/' + subPath;
      if (!fs.existsSync(currentPath)){
        fs.mkdirSync(currentPath);
      }
    }
    else{
      currentPath = subPath;
    }
    return currentPath
  }, '')
}

最好的解决方案是使用名为node-fs-extra的npm模块。它有一个名为mkdir的方法，用于创建您提到的目录。如果您给出一个较长的目录路径，它将自动创建父文件夹。这个模块是npm模块fs的超集，所以如果你添加了这个模块，你也可以使用fs中的所有函数。

如果文件夹存在，您可以使用mkdir并捕获错误。 这是异步的(因此是最佳实践)并且安全。

fs.mkdir('/path', err => { 
    if (err && err.code != 'EEXIST') throw 'up'
    .. safely do your stuff here  
    })

(可选地使用mode添加第二个参数。)

其他的想法:

You could use then or await by using native promisify. const util = require('util'), fs = require('fs'); const mkdir = util.promisify(fs.mkdir); var myFunc = () => { ..do something.. } mkdir('/path') .then(myFunc) .catch(err => { if (err.code != 'EEXIST') throw err; myFunc() }) You can make your own promise method, something like (untested): let mkdirAsync = (path, mode) => new Promise( (resolve, reject) => mkdir (path, mode, err => (err && err.code !== 'EEXIST') ? reject(err) : resolve() ) ) For synchronous checking, you can use: fs.existsSync(path) || fs.mkdirSync(path) Or you can use a library, the two most popular being mkdirp (just does folders) fsextra (supersets fs, adds lots of useful stuff)

使用Node.js 10 + ES6:

import path from 'path';
import fs from 'fs';

(async () => {
  const dir = path.join(__dirname, 'upload');

  try {
    await fs.promises.mkdir(dir);
  } catch (error) {
    if (error.code === 'EEXIST') {
      // Something already exists, but is it a file or directory?
      const lstat = await fs.promises.lstat(dir);

      if (!lstat.isDirectory()) {
        throw error;
      }
    } else {
      throw error;
    }
  }
})();

不，原因有很多。

The path module does not have an exists/existsSync method. It is in the fs module. (Perhaps you just made a typo in your question?) The documentation explicitly discourage you from using exists. fs.exists() is an anachronism and exists only for historical reasons. There should almost never be a reason to use it in your own code. In particular, checking if a file exists before opening it is an anti-pattern that leaves you vulnerable to race conditions: another process may remove the file between the calls to fs.exists() and fs.open(). Just open the file and handle the error when it's not there. Since we're talking about a directory rather than a file, this advice implies you should just unconditionally call mkdir and ignore EEXIST. In general, you should avoid the *Sync methods. They're blocking, which means absolutely nothing else in your program can happen while you go to the disk. This is a very expensive operation, and the time it takes breaks the core assumption of node's event loop. The *Sync methods are usually fine in single-purpose quick scripts (those that do one thing and then exit), but should almost never be used when you're writing a server: your server will be unable to respond to anyone for the entire duration of the I/O requests. If multiple client requests require I/O operations, your server will very quickly grind to a halt. The only time I'd consider using *Sync methods in a server application is in an operation that happens once (and only once), at startup. For example, require actually uses readFileSync to load modules. Even then, you still have to be careful because lots of synchronous I/O can unnecessarily slow down your server's startup time. Instead, you should use the asynchronous I/O methods.

所以如果我们把这些建议放在一起，我们会得到这样的结果:

function ensureExists(path, mask, cb) {
    if (typeof mask == 'function') { // Allow the `mask` parameter to be optional
        cb = mask;
        mask = 0o744;
    }
    fs.mkdir(path, mask, function(err) {
        if (err) {
            if (err.code == 'EEXIST') cb(null); // Ignore the error if the folder already exists
            else cb(err); // Something else went wrong
        } else cb(null); // Successfully created folder
    });
}

我们可以这样使用它:

ensureExists(__dirname + '/upload', 0o744, function(err) {
    if (err) // Handle folder creation error
    else // We're all good
});

当然，这并不能解释边缘情况，比如

如果在程序运行时删除文件夹会发生什么?(假设在启动过程中只检查它是否存在一次) 如果文件夹已经存在，但是权限错误，会发生什么?