Java 13及以上版本

Java中现在通过文本块支持多行字符串。在Java 13和14中，这个特性要求你在构建和运行项目时设置——enable-preview选项。在Java 15及以后版本中，由于文本块已成为标准特性，因此不再需要此选项。查看官方的文本块编程指南，了解更多细节。

现在，在Java 13之前，你是这样写查询的:

List<Tuple> posts = entityManager
.createNativeQuery(
    "SELECT *\n" +
    "FROM (\n" +
    "    SELECT *,\n" +
    "           dense_rank() OVER (\n" +
    "               ORDER BY \"p.created_on\", \"p.id\"\n" +
    "           ) rank\n" +
    "    FROM (\n" +
    "        SELECT p.id AS \"p.id\",\n" +
    "               p.created_on AS \"p.created_on\",\n" +
    "               p.title AS \"p.title\",\n" +
    "               pc.id as \"pc.id\",\n" +
    "               pc.created_on AS \"pc.created_on\",\n" +
    "               pc.review AS \"pc.review\",\n" +
    "               pc.post_id AS \"pc.post_id\"\n" +
    "        FROM post p\n" +
    "        LEFT JOIN post_comment pc ON p.id = pc.post_id\n" +
    "        WHERE p.title LIKE :titlePattern\n" +
    "        ORDER BY p.created_on\n" +
    "    ) p_pc\n" +
    ") p_pc_r\n" +
    "WHERE p_pc_r.rank <= :rank\n",
    Tuple.class)
.setParameter("titlePattern", "High-Performance Java Persistence %")
.setParameter("rank", 5)
.getResultList();

多亏了Java 13 Text Blocks，你可以像下面这样重写这个查询:

List<Tuple> posts = entityManager
.createNativeQuery("""
    SELECT *
    FROM (
        SELECT *,
               dense_rank() OVER (
                   ORDER BY "p.created_on", "p.id"
               ) rank
        FROM (
            SELECT p.id AS "p.id",
                   p.created_on AS "p.created_on",
                   p.title AS "p.title",
                   pc.id as "pc.id",
                   pc.created_on AS "pc.created_on",
                   pc.review AS "pc.review",
                   pc.post_id AS "pc.post_id"
            FROM post p
            LEFT JOIN post_comment pc ON p.id = pc.post_id
            WHERE p.title LIKE :titlePattern
            ORDER BY p.created_on
        ) p_pc
    ) p_pc_r
    WHERE p_pc_r.rank <= :rank
    """,
    Tuple.class)
.setParameter("titlePattern", "High-Performance Java Persistence %")
.setParameter("rank", 5)
.getResultList();

可读性强多了，对吧?

支持的想法

IntelliJ IDEA提供了将传统字符串连接块转换为新的多行字符串格式的支持:

Json, html, XML

多行String在编写JSON、HTML或XML时特别有用。

考虑下面的例子，使用String连接来构建一个JSON字符串文字:

entityManager.persist(
    new Book()
    .setId(1L)
    .setIsbn("978-9730228236")
    .setProperties(
        "{" +
        "   \"title\": \"High-Performance Java Persistence\"," +
        "   \"author\": \"Vlad Mihalcea\"," +
        "   \"publisher\": \"Amazon\"," +
        "   \"price\": 44.99," +
        "   \"reviews\": [" +
        "       {" +
        "           \"reviewer\": \"Cristiano\", " +
        "           \"review\": \"Excellent book to understand Java Persistence\", " +
        "           \"date\": \"2017-11-14\", " +
        "           \"rating\": 5" +
        "       }," +
        "       {" +
        "           \"reviewer\": \"T.W\", " +
        "           \"review\": \"The best JPA ORM book out there\", " +
        "           \"date\": \"2019-01-27\", " +
        "           \"rating\": 5" +
        "       }," +
        "       {" +
        "           \"reviewer\": \"Shaikh\", " +
        "           \"review\": \"The most informative book\", " +
        "           \"date\": \"2016-12-24\", " +
        "           \"rating\": 4" +
        "       }" +
        "   ]" +
        "}"
    )
);

由于转义字符和大量的双引号和加号，您几乎无法阅读JSON。

使用Java文本块，JSON对象可以这样写:

entityManager.persist(
    new Book()
    .setId(1L)
    .setIsbn("978-9730228236")
    .setProperties("""
        {
           "title": "High-Performance Java Persistence",
           "author": "Vlad Mihalcea",
           "publisher": "Amazon",
           "price": 44.99,
           "reviews": [
               {
                   "reviewer": "Cristiano",
                   "review": "Excellent book to understand Java Persistence",
                   "date": "2017-11-14",
                   "rating": 5
               },
               {
                   "reviewer": "T.W",
                   "review": "The best JPA ORM book out there",
                   "date": "2019-01-27",
                   "rating": 5
               },
               {
                   "reviewer": "Shaikh",
                   "review": "The most informative book",
                   "date": "2016-12-24",
                   "rating": 4
               }
           ]
        }
        """
    )
);

自从我在2004年使用c#以来，我一直希望在Java中有这个功能，现在我们终于有了它。

我所知道的唯一方法是用加号连接多行

加号被转换为StringBuilder。除非两个字符串都是常量，以便编译器可以在编译时将它们组合在一起。至少，Sun的编译器是这样的，我怀疑大多数(如果不是所有)其他编译器也会这样做。

So:

String a="Hello";
String b="Goodbye";
String c=a+b;

通常生成完全相同的代码:

String a="Hello";
String b="Goodbye":
StringBuilder temp=new StringBuilder();
temp.append(a).append(b);
String c=temp.toString();

另一方面:

String c="Hello"+"Goodbye";

等于:

String c="HelloGoodbye";

也就是说，为了可读性，在多行中使用加号将字符串字面量分开并不会受到惩罚。

String newline = System.getProperty ("line.separator");
string1 + newline + string2 + newline + string3

但是，最好的替代方法是使用String.format

String multilineString = String.format("%s\n%s\n%s\n",line1,line2,line3);

我知道这是一个老问题，但是对于感兴趣的开发人员来说，多行文字将在#Java12中

http://mail.openjdk.java.net/pipermail/amber-dev/2018-July/003254.html

    import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

    String multiline = StringUtils.join(new String[] {
        "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times ", 
        "it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness",
        "it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity",
        "it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness",
        "it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair",
        "we had everything before us, we had nothing before us",
        }, "\n");