Java 13及以上版本

Java中现在通过文本块支持多行字符串。在Java 13和14中，这个特性要求你在构建和运行项目时设置——enable-preview选项。在Java 15及以后版本中，由于文本块已成为标准特性，因此不再需要此选项。查看官方的文本块编程指南，了解更多细节。

现在，在Java 13之前，你是这样写查询的:

List<Tuple> posts = entityManager
.createNativeQuery(
    "SELECT *\n" +
    "FROM (\n" +
    "    SELECT *,\n" +
    "           dense_rank() OVER (\n" +
    "               ORDER BY \"p.created_on\", \"p.id\"\n" +
    "           ) rank\n" +
    "    FROM (\n" +
    "        SELECT p.id AS \"p.id\",\n" +
    "               p.created_on AS \"p.created_on\",\n" +
    "               p.title AS \"p.title\",\n" +
    "               pc.id as \"pc.id\",\n" +
    "               pc.created_on AS \"pc.created_on\",\n" +
    "               pc.review AS \"pc.review\",\n" +
    "               pc.post_id AS \"pc.post_id\"\n" +
    "        FROM post p\n" +
    "        LEFT JOIN post_comment pc ON p.id = pc.post_id\n" +
    "        WHERE p.title LIKE :titlePattern\n" +
    "        ORDER BY p.created_on\n" +
    "    ) p_pc\n" +
    ") p_pc_r\n" +
    "WHERE p_pc_r.rank <= :rank\n",
    Tuple.class)
.setParameter("titlePattern", "High-Performance Java Persistence %")
.setParameter("rank", 5)
.getResultList();

多亏了Java 13 Text Blocks，你可以像下面这样重写这个查询:

List<Tuple> posts = entityManager
.createNativeQuery("""
    SELECT *
    FROM (
        SELECT *,
               dense_rank() OVER (
                   ORDER BY "p.created_on", "p.id"
               ) rank
        FROM (
            SELECT p.id AS "p.id",
                   p.created_on AS "p.created_on",
                   p.title AS "p.title",
                   pc.id as "pc.id",
                   pc.created_on AS "pc.created_on",
                   pc.review AS "pc.review",
                   pc.post_id AS "pc.post_id"
            FROM post p
            LEFT JOIN post_comment pc ON p.id = pc.post_id
            WHERE p.title LIKE :titlePattern
            ORDER BY p.created_on
        ) p_pc
    ) p_pc_r
    WHERE p_pc_r.rank <= :rank
    """,
    Tuple.class)
.setParameter("titlePattern", "High-Performance Java Persistence %")
.setParameter("rank", 5)
.getResultList();

可读性强多了，对吧?

支持的想法

IntelliJ IDEA提供了将传统字符串连接块转换为新的多行字符串格式的支持:

Json, html, XML

多行String在编写JSON、HTML或XML时特别有用。

考虑下面的例子，使用String连接来构建一个JSON字符串文字:

entityManager.persist(
    new Book()
    .setId(1L)
    .setIsbn("978-9730228236")
    .setProperties(
        "{" +
        "   \"title\": \"High-Performance Java Persistence\"," +
        "   \"author\": \"Vlad Mihalcea\"," +
        "   \"publisher\": \"Amazon\"," +
        "   \"price\": 44.99," +
        "   \"reviews\": [" +
        "       {" +
        "           \"reviewer\": \"Cristiano\", " +
        "           \"review\": \"Excellent book to understand Java Persistence\", " +
        "           \"date\": \"2017-11-14\", " +
        "           \"rating\": 5" +
        "       }," +
        "       {" +
        "           \"reviewer\": \"T.W\", " +
        "           \"review\": \"The best JPA ORM book out there\", " +
        "           \"date\": \"2019-01-27\", " +
        "           \"rating\": 5" +
        "       }," +
        "       {" +
        "           \"reviewer\": \"Shaikh\", " +
        "           \"review\": \"The most informative book\", " +
        "           \"date\": \"2016-12-24\", " +
        "           \"rating\": 4" +
        "       }" +
        "   ]" +
        "}"
    )
);

由于转义字符和大量的双引号和加号，您几乎无法阅读JSON。

使用Java文本块，JSON对象可以这样写:

entityManager.persist(
    new Book()
    .setId(1L)
    .setIsbn("978-9730228236")
    .setProperties("""
        {
           "title": "High-Performance Java Persistence",
           "author": "Vlad Mihalcea",
           "publisher": "Amazon",
           "price": 44.99,
           "reviews": [
               {
                   "reviewer": "Cristiano",
                   "review": "Excellent book to understand Java Persistence",
                   "date": "2017-11-14",
                   "rating": 5
               },
               {
                   "reviewer": "T.W",
                   "review": "The best JPA ORM book out there",
                   "date": "2019-01-27",
                   "rating": 5
               },
               {
                   "reviewer": "Shaikh",
                   "review": "The most informative book",
                   "date": "2016-12-24",
                   "rating": 4
               }
           ]
        }
        """
    )
);

自从我在2004年使用c#以来，我一直希望在Java中有这个功能，现在我们终于有了它。

    import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

    String multiline = StringUtils.join(new String[] {
        "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times ", 
        "it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness",
        "it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity",
        "it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness",
        "it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair",
        "we had everything before us, we had nothing before us",
        }, "\n");

一个简单的选择是使用SciTE (http://www.scintilla.org/SciTEDownload.html)这样的编辑器编辑java代码，它允许您对文本进行WRAP，以便容易地查看和编辑长字符串。如果你需要转义字符，你只需输入它们。通过关闭“换行”选项，您可以检查字符串是否仍然是一个很长的单行字符串。当然，如果不是，编译器也会告诉你。

Eclipse或NetBeans是否支持编辑器中的文本包装，我不知道，因为它们有太多的选项。但如果没有，这将是一个很好的补充。

实际上，下面是我迄今为止见过的最干净的实现。它使用注释将注释转换为字符串变量…

/**
  <html>
    <head/>
    <body>
      <p>
        Hello<br/>
        Multiline<br/>
        World<br/>
      </p>
    </body>
  </html>
  */
  @Multiline
  private static String html;

因此，最终结果是变量html包含多行字符串。没有引号，没有加号，没有逗号，只有纯字符串。

该解决方案可在以下URL… http://www.adrianwalker.org/2011/12/java-multiline-string.html

希望有帮助!

这是你不应该在不考虑它在做什么的情况下使用的东西。但对于一次性脚本，我已经成功地使用了这个方法:

例子:

    System.out.println(S(/*
This is a CRAZY " ' ' " multiline string with all sorts of strange 
   characters!
*/));

代码:

// From: http://blog.efftinge.de/2008/10/multi-line-string-literals-in-java.html
// Takes a comment (/**/) and turns everything inside the comment to a string that is returned from S()
public static String S() {
    StackTraceElement element = new RuntimeException().getStackTrace()[1];
    String name = element.getClassName().replace('.', '/') + ".java";
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    String line = null;
    InputStream in = classLoader.getResourceAsStream(name);
    String s = convertStreamToString(in, element.getLineNumber());
    return s.substring(s.indexOf("/*")+2, s.indexOf("*/"));
}

// From http://www.kodejava.org/examples/266.html
private static String convertStreamToString(InputStream is, int lineNum) {
    /*
     * To convert the InputStream to String we use the BufferedReader.readLine()
     * method. We iterate until the BufferedReader return null which means
     * there's no more data to read. Each line will appended to a StringBuilder
     * and returned as String.
     */
    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

    String line = null; int i = 1;
    try {
        while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
            if (i++ >= lineNum) {
                sb.append(line + "\n");
            }
        }
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        try {
            is.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    return sb.toString();
}

你可以在一个单独的方法中连接你的追加:

public static String multilineString(String... lines){
   StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
   for(String s : lines){
     sb.append(s);
     sb.append ('\n');
   }
   return sb.toString();
}

无论哪种方式，都更喜欢StringBuilder而不是加号符号。