我在一个c++程序中分配值，就像这样:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int array[2];
array[0] = 1;
array[1] = 2;
array[3] = 3;
array[4] = 4;
cout << array[3] << endl;
cout << array[4] << endl;
return 0;
}
程序输出3和4。这应该是不可能的。我使用g++ 4.3.3
下面是编译和运行命令
$ g++ -W -Wall errorRange.cpp -o errorRange
$ ./errorRange
3
4
只有当分配数组[3000]=3000时，它才会给我一个分割错误。
如果gcc不检查数组边界，我怎么能确定我的程序是正确的，因为它可能导致一些严重的问题以后?
我将上面的代码替换为
vector<int> vint(2);
vint[0] = 0;
vint[1] = 1;
vint[2] = 2;
vint[5] = 5;
cout << vint[2] << endl;
cout << vint[5] << endl;
这个也不会产生误差。
The behavior can depend on your system. Typically, you will have a margin for out of bounds, sometimes with value of 0 or garbage values. For the details you can check with memory allocation mechanism used in your OS. On top of that, if you use the programming language like c/c++, it will not check the bounds when you using some containers, like array. So, you will meet "undefined event" because you do not know what the OS did below the surface. But like the programming language Java, it will check the bound. If you step outside of the bound, you will get an exception.
Hint
如果你想要快速约束大小数组的范围错误检查，尝试使用boost::array，(也std::tr1::array from <tr1/array>，它将是下一个c++规范的标准容器)。它比std::vector快得多。它在堆上或类实例内部保留内存，就像int array[]一样。
这是一个简单的示例代码:
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/array.hpp>
int main()
{
boost::array<int,2> array;
array.at(0) = 1; // checking index is inside range
array[1] = 2; // no error check, as fast as int array[2];
try
{
// index is inside range
std::cout << "array.at(0) = " << array.at(0) << std::endl;
// index is outside range, throwing exception
std::cout << "array.at(2) = " << array.at(2) << std::endl;
// never comes here
std::cout << "array.at(1) = " << array.at(1) << std::endl;
}
catch(const std::out_of_range& r)
{
std::cout << "Something goes wrong: " << r.what() << std::endl;
}
return 0;
}
这个程序将打印:
array.at(0) = 1
Something goes wrong: array<>: index out of range
欢迎来到每一个C/ c++程序员最好的朋友:未定义行为。
由于各种原因，语言标准中没有指定很多内容。这是其中之一。
一般来说，无论何时遇到未定义的行为，都可能发生任何事情。应用程序可能会崩溃，可能会冻结，可能会弹出您的CD-ROM驱动器，或者让恶魔从您的鼻子里出来。它可能会格式化你的硬盘，或者把你所有的色情片都发给你的祖母。
如果你真的很不幸，它甚至可能看起来工作正常。
该语言只是说明如果访问数组范围内的元素应该发生什么。它没有定义如果你出界会发生什么。它今天在编译器上似乎可以工作，但它不是合法的C或c++，并且不能保证它在下次运行程序时仍然可以工作。或者它现在还没有覆盖基本数据，您还没有遇到它将导致的问题。
至于为什么没有边界检查，有几个方面的答案:
An array is a leftover from C. C arrays are about as primitive as you can get. Just a sequence of elements with contiguous addresses. There is no bounds checking because it is simply exposing raw memory. Implementing a robust bounds-checking mechanism would have been almost impossible in C.
In C++, bounds-checking is possible on class types. But an array is still the plain old C-compatible one. It is not a class. Further, C++ is also built on another rule which makes bounds-checking non-ideal. The C++ guiding principle is "you don't pay for what you don't use". If your code is correct, you don't need bounds-checking, and you shouldn't be forced to pay for the overhead of runtime bounds-checking.
So C++ offers the std::vector class template, which allows both. operator[] is designed to be efficient. The language standard does not require that it performs bounds checking (although it does not forbid it either). A vector also has the at() member function which is guaranteed to perform bounds-checking. So in C++, you get the best of both worlds if you use a vector. You get array-like performance without bounds-checking, and you get the ability to use bounds-checked access when you want it.
The behavior can depend on your system. Typically, you will have a margin for out of bounds, sometimes with value of 0 or garbage values. For the details you can check with memory allocation mechanism used in your OS. On top of that, if you use the programming language like c/c++, it will not check the bounds when you using some containers, like array. So, you will meet "undefined event" because you do not know what the OS did below the surface. But like the programming language Java, it will check the bound. If you step outside of the bound, you will get an exception.
