我希望能够以字符串的形式获取变量的名称，但我不知道Python是否有那么多的自省功能。喜欢的东西:
>>> print(my_var.__name__)
'my_var'
我想这样做是因为我有一堆变量，我想把它们转换成一个字典，比如:
bar = True
foo = False
>>> my_dict = dict(bar=bar, foo=foo)
>>> print my_dict
{'foo': False, 'bar': True}
但我想要更自动的。
Python有locals()和vars()，所以我猜有一种方法。
当前回答
Python3。使用inspect来捕获调用的本地名称空间，然后使用这里提供的想法。可以返回一个以上的答案，正如已经指出的。
def varname(var):
import inspect
frame = inspect.currentframe()
var_id = id(var)
for name in frame.f_back.f_locals.keys():
try:
if id(eval(name)) == var_id:
return(name)
except:
pass
其他回答
你可以使用easydict
>>> from easydict import EasyDict as edict
>>> d = edict({'foo':3, 'bar':{'x':1, 'y':2}})
>>> d.foo
3
>>> d.bar.x
1
>>> d = edict(foo=3)
>>> d.foo
3
另一个例子:
>>> d = EasyDict(log=False)
>>> d.debug = True
>>> d.items()
[('debug', True), ('log', False)]
我写了包巫术健壮地做这种魔法。你可以这样写:
from sorcery import dict_of
my_dict = dict_of(foo, bar)
你真的想这么做吗?
dict( (name,eval(name)) for name in ['some','list','of','vars'] )
例子
>>> some= 1
>>> list= 2
>>> of= 3
>>> vars= 4
>>> dict( (name,eval(name)) for name in ['some','list','of','vars'] )
{'list': 2, 'some': 1, 'vars': 4, 'of': 3}
>>> a = 1
>>> b = 1
>>> id(a)
34120408
>>> id(b)
34120408
>>> a is b
True
>>> id(a) == id(b)
True
通过这种方式，可以获得'a'或'b'的varname。
I was working on a similar problem. @S.Lott said "If you have the list of variables, what's the point of "discovering" their names?" And my answer is just to see if it could be done and if for some reason you want to sort your variables by type into lists. So anyways, in my research I came came across this thread and my solution is a bit expanded and is based on @rlotun solution. One other thing, @unutbu said, "This idea has merit, but note that if two variable names reference the same value (e.g. True), then an unintended variable name might be returned." In this exercise that was true so I dealt with it by using a list comprehension similar to this for each possibility: isClass = [i for i in isClass if i != 'item']. Without it "item" would show up in each list.
__metaclass__ = type
from types import *
class Class_1: pass
class Class_2: pass
list_1 = [1, 2, 3]
list_2 = ['dog', 'cat', 'bird']
tuple_1 = ('one', 'two', 'three')
tuple_2 = (1000, 2000, 3000)
dict_1 = {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}
dict_2 = {'dog': 'collie', 'cat': 'calico', 'bird': 'robin'}
x = 23
y = 29
pie = 3.14159
eee = 2.71828
house = 'single story'
cabin = 'cozy'
isClass = []; isList = []; isTuple = []; isDict = []; isInt = []; isFloat = []; isString = []; other = []
mixedDataTypes = [Class_1, list_1, tuple_1, dict_1, x, pie, house, Class_2, list_2, tuple_2, dict_2, y, eee, cabin]
print '\nMIXED_DATA_TYPES total count:', len(mixedDataTypes)
for item in mixedDataTypes:
try:
# if isinstance(item, ClassType): # use this for old class types (before 3.0)
if isinstance(item, type):
for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
if v is item:
mapping_as_str = k
isClass.append(mapping_as_str)
isClass = [i for i in isClass if i != 'item']
elif isinstance(item, ListType):
for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
if v is item:
mapping_as_str = k
isList.append(mapping_as_str)
isList = [i for i in isList if i != 'item']
elif isinstance(item, TupleType):
for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
if v is item:
mapping_as_str = k
isTuple.append(mapping_as_str)
isTuple = [i for i in isTuple if i != 'item']
elif isinstance(item, DictType):
for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
if v is item:
mapping_as_str = k
isDict.append(mapping_as_str)
isDict = [i for i in isDict if i != 'item']
elif isinstance(item, IntType):
for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
if v is item:
mapping_as_str = k
isInt.append(mapping_as_str)
isInt = [i for i in isInt if i != 'item']
elif isinstance(item, FloatType):
for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
if v is item:
mapping_as_str = k
isFloat.append(mapping_as_str)
isFloat = [i for i in isFloat if i != 'item']
elif isinstance(item, StringType):
for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
if v is item:
mapping_as_str = k
isString.append(mapping_as_str)
isString = [i for i in isString if i != 'item']
else:
for k, v in list(locals().iteritems()):
if v is item:
mapping_as_str = k
other.append(mapping_as_str)
other = [i for i in other if i != 'item']
except (TypeError, AttributeError), e:
print e
print '\n isClass:', len(isClass), isClass
print ' isList:', len(isList), isList
print ' isTuple:', len(isTuple), isTuple
print ' isDict:', len(isDict), isDict
print ' isInt:', len(isInt), isInt
print ' isFloat:', len(isFloat), isFloat
print 'isString:', len(isString), isString
print ' other:', len(other), other
# my output and the output I wanted
'''
MIXED_DATA_TYPES total count: 14
isClass: 2 ['Class_1', 'Class_2']
isList: 2 ['list_1', 'list_2']
isTuple: 2 ['tuple_1', 'tuple_2']
isDict: 2 ['dict_1', 'dict_2']
isInt: 2 ['x', 'y']
isFloat: 2 ['pie', 'eee']
isString: 2 ['house', 'cabin']
other: 0 []
'''
