如果传递的参数可以在工厂中分组，那么它也是构造函数过度注入的一个很好的解决方案，看看下面的代码*):

public AddressModelFactory(IAddressAttributeService addressAttributeService,
        IAddressAttributeParser addressAttributeParser,
        ILocalizationService localizationService,
        IStateProvinceService stateProvinceService,
        IAddressAttributeFormatter addressAttributeFormatter)
    {
        this._addressAttributeService = addressAttributeService;
        this._addressAttributeParser = addressAttributeParser;
        this._localizationService = localizationService;
        this._stateProvinceService = stateProvinceService;
        this._addressAttributeFormatter = addressAttributeFormatter;
    }

看看构造函数，你只需要在那里传递IAddressModelFactory，所以参数更少*):

 public CustomerController(IAddressModelFactory addressModelFactory,
        ICustomerModelFactory customerModelFactory,
        IAuthenticationService authenticationService,
        DateTimeSettings dateTimeSettings,
        TaxSettings taxSettings,
        ILocalizationService localizationService,
        IWorkContext workContext,
        IStoreContext storeContext,
        ICustomerService customerService,
        ICustomerAttributeParser customerAttributeParser,
        ICustomerAttributeService customerAttributeService,
        IGenericAttributeService genericAttributeService,
        ICustomerRegistrationService customerRegistrationService,
        ITaxService taxService,
        CustomerSettings customerSettings,
        AddressSettings addressSettings,...

你可以看到在CustomerController中传递了很多参数，是的，你可以看到这是构造函数的过度注入，但这就是DI的工作方式。CustomerController没有任何问题。

*)代码来自nopCommerce。

当您确切地知道此时需要什么类型的对象时，就可以使用依赖项注入。而在工厂模式的情况下，你只是把创建对象的过程委托给工厂，因为你不清楚你需要什么类型的对象。

比诺，

我不认为你必须选择其中一个而不是另一个。

将依赖类或接口移动到类构造函数或setter的行为遵循DI模式。传递给构造函数或集合的对象可以用Factory实现。

什么时候使用?使用开发人员擅长的模式。他们觉得什么最舒服，什么最容易理解。

I believe, 3 important aspects govern objects and their usage: 1. Instantiation (of a class together with initialisation if any). 2. Injection (of the instance so created) where it's required. 3. Life cycle management (of the instance so created). Using Factory pattern, the first aspect (instantiation) is achieved but the remaining two is questionable. The class that uses other instances must hardcode the factories (instead of instances being created) which hinders loose coupling abilities. Moreover, life cycle management of instances becomes a challenge in a large application where a factory is used in multiple places (particularly, if the factory doesn't manage the life cycle of the instance it returns, it gets ugly). Using a DI (of IoC pattern) on the other hand, all the 3 are abstracted outside the code (to the DI container) and the managed bean needs nothing about this complexity. Loose Coupling, a very important architectural goal can be achieved quiet comfortably. Another important architectural goal, the separation of concerns can be achieved much better than factories.

尽管工厂可能适用于小型应用程序，但大型应用程序最好选择DI而不是工厂。

依赖注入

而不是实例化部件本身，汽车要求它的功能所需的部件。

class Car
{
    private Engine engine;
    private SteeringWheel wheel;
    private Tires tires;

    public Car(Engine engine, SteeringWheel wheel, Tires tires)
    {
        this.engine = engine;
        this.wheel = wheel;
        this.tires = tires;
    }
}

工厂

将各个部分组合在一起以形成一个完整的对象，并对调用者隐藏具体类型。

static class CarFactory
{
    public ICar BuildCar()
    {
        Engine engine = new Engine();
        SteeringWheel steeringWheel = new SteeringWheel();
        Tires tires = new Tires();
        ICar car = new RaceCar(engine, steeringWheel, tires);
        return car;
    }   
}

结果

正如你所看到的，工厂和DI是相辅相成的。

static void Main()
{
     ICar car = CarFactory.BuildCar();
     // use car
}

你还记得金发姑娘和三只熊吗?依赖注入有点像这样。这里有三种方法来做同样的事情。

void RaceCar() // example #1
{
    ICar car = CarFactory.BuildCar();
    car.Race();
}

void RaceCar(ICarFactory carFactory) // example #2
{
    ICar car = carFactory.BuildCar();
    car.Race();
}

void RaceCar(ICar car) // example #3
{
    car.Race();
}

例#1——这是最糟糕的，因为它完全隐藏了依赖关系。如果你把这个方法看作一个黑盒子，你就不会知道它需要一辆车。

例2——这样会好一点，因为我们经过了一家汽车厂，现在我们知道我们需要一辆车。但是这次我们传递的太多了，因为这个方法实际上只需要一个car。我们正在路过一个工厂，只是为了建造汽车，当汽车可以在外面建造的方法和通过。

示例#3—这是理想的，因为该方法要求的正是它所需要的。不要太多也不要太少。我不需要为了创建MockCars而编写MockCarFactory，我可以直接传入mock。它是直接的，界面不会说谎。

Misko Hevery的谷歌技术演讲非常棒，这是我得到我的例子的基础。http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XcT4yYu_TTs

[Factory] ->有一个基于请求参数创建类的类。毕竟，“工厂”在现实世界中也为你制造“物品”。你可以让你的汽车供应商工厂生产(免费:)特斯拉。1给你。

[DI] ->一个(服务)容器，用于存储接口(压缩类)。你不关心创建对象。你只需要让某个人/某个地方实现它，细节和其他东西对你、调用者或消费者都不重要。

DI是SOLID原则中“D”的基础。