对于功能组件，最简单的方法是

父组件

parent.tsx

import React, { useEffect, useState, useRef } from "react";
import child from "../../child"

const parent: React.FunctionComponent = () => {
  const childRef: any = useRef();
}

const onDropDownChange: any = (event): void => {
    const target = event.target;
    childRef.current.onFilterChange(target.value);
};

return <child ref={childRef} />

export default parent;

子组件

child.tsx

import React, {   useState,   useEffect,   forwardRef,   useRef,   useImperativeHandle, } from "react";

const Child = forwardRef((props, ref) => {
 useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({
    onFilterChange(id) {
      console.log("Value from parent", id)
    },
  }));
})

Child.displayName = "Child";

export default Child;

我尝试使用createRef或useRef。它们都返回null。

其次，这个答案提出通过一个道具来设置一个在我看来最合理的函数。但如果子组件用于多个地方，则应该将额外的道具添加到其他地方。此外，如果您想在孙辈中调用一个方法，这个方法可能太啰嗦或太冗长。

所以我用一种非常原始的方式创建了我自己的函数存储。

下面是functionStore.js文件

const fns = {};

export function setFn(componentName, fnName, fn) {
  if (fns[componentName]) {
    fns[componentName][fnName] = fn;
  } else {
    fns[componentName] = { fnName: fn };
  }
}

export function callFn(componentName, fnName) {
  fns[componentName][fnName]();
}

我只是设置了需要从任何组件调用的函数。

import { setFn } from "./functionStore";
export class AComponent extends React.Component {
  componentDidMount() {
    setFn("AComponent", "aFunc", this.aFunc);
  }
  aFunc = () => { console.log("aFunc is called!"); };
}

然后我从其他组件调用它

import { callFn } from "./functionStore";
export class BComponent extends React.Component {
  
  // just call the function
  bFunc = () => { 
    callFn("AComponent", "aFunc");
  };
}

一个缺点是要调用的函数应该是无参数的。但这也可能以某种方式解决。目前，我不需要传递参数。

https://facebook.github.io/react/tips/expose-component-functions.html 更多答案请参考这里调用React子组件上的方法

通过查看“reason”组件的引用，您正在破坏封装，如果不仔细检查使用该组件的所有位置，就不可能重构该组件。正因为如此，我们强烈建议将引用视为组件的私有，就像状态一样。

一般来说，数据应该通过道具沿着树向下传递。有一些例外情况(比如调用.focus()或触发一个不会真正“改变”状态的一次性动画)，但任何时候你要公开一个名为“set”的方法，道具通常是更好的选择。试着让内部输入组件担心它的大小和外观，这样它的祖先就不会担心。

我认为调用方法的最基本方法是在子组件上设置请求。然后，一旦子进程处理了请求，它就调用一个回调方法来重置请求。

为了能够多次发送相同的请求，重置机制是必要的。

在父组件中

在父类的渲染方法中:

const { request } = this.state;
return (<Child request={request} onRequestHandled={()->resetRequest()}/>);

父节点需要两个方法，在两个方向上与子节点进行通信。

sendRequest() {
  const request = { param: "value" };
  this.setState({ request });
}

resetRequest() {
  const request = null;
  this.setState({ request });
}

在子组件中

子进程更新其内部状态，复制来自道具的请求。

constructor(props) {
  super(props);
  const { request } = props;
  this.state = { request };
}

static getDerivedStateFromProps(props, state) {
  const { request } = props;
  if (request !== state.request ) return { request };
  return null;
}

最后，它处理请求，并将重置发送给父进程:

componentDidMount() {
  const { request } = this.state;
  // todo handle request.

  const { onRequestHandled } = this.props;
  if (onRequestHandled != null) onRequestHandled();
}

在这里，我将给出四种可能的组合:

类父类|钩子子类 钩子父类|类子类 钩父钩子 类父类|类子类

1. 类父类|钩子子类

class Parent extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props)
    this.myRef = React.createRef()
  }

  render() {
    return (<View>
      <Child ref={this.myRef}/>
      <Button title={'call me'}
              onPress={() => this.myRef.current.childMethod()}/>
    </View>)
  }
}

const Child = React.forwardRef((props, ref) => {

  useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({
    childMethod() {
      childMethod()
    }
  }))

  function childMethod() {
    console.log('call me')
  }

  return (<View><Text> I am a child</Text></View>)
})

2. 钩子父类|类子类

function Parent(props) {

  const myRef = useRef()

  return (<View>
    <Child ref={myRef}/>
    <Button title={'call me'}
            onPress={() => myRef.current.childMethod()}/>
  </View>)
}

class Child extends React.Component {

  childMethod() {
    console.log('call me')
  }

  render() {
    return (<View><Text> I am a child</Text></View>)
  }
}

3.钩父钩子

function Parent(props) {

  const myRef = useRef()

  return (<View>
    <Child ref={myRef}/>
    <Button title={'call me'}
            onPress={() => myRef.current.childMethod()}/>
  </View>)
}

const Child = React.forwardRef((props, ref) => {

  useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({
    childMethod() {
      childMethod()
    }
  }))

  function childMethod() {
    console.log('call me')
  }

  return (<View><Text> I am a child</Text></View>)
})

4. 类父类|类子类

class Parent extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props)
    this.myRef = React.createRef()
  }

  render() {
    return (<View>
      <Child ref={this.myRef}/>
      <Button title={'call me'}
              onPress={() => this.myRef.current.childMethod()}/>
    </View>)
  }
}

class Child extends React.Component {

  childMethod() {
    console.log('call me')
  }

  render() {
    return (<View><Text> I am a child</Text></View>)
  }
}

这里是我的演示:https://stackblitz.com/edit/react-dgz1ee?file=styles.css

I am using useEffect to call the children component's methods. I have tried with Proxy and Setter_Getter but sor far useEffect seems to be the more convenient way to call a child method from parent. To use Proxy and Setter_Getter it seems there is some subtlety to overcome first, because the element firstly rendered is an objectLike's element through the ref.current return => <div/>'s specificity. Concerning useEffect, you can also leverage on this approach to set the parent's state depending on what you want to do with the children.

在我提供的演示链接中，你会发现我完整的ReactJS代码和我的草稿，所以你可以欣赏我的解决方案的工作流程。

在这里，我只提供了相关代码的ReactJS片段。：

import React, {
  Component,
  createRef,
  forwardRef,
  useState,
  useEffect
} from "react"; 

{...}

// Child component
// I am defining here a forwardRef's element to get the Child's methods from the parent
// through the ref's element.
let Child = forwardRef((props, ref) => {
  // I am fetching the parent's method here
  // that allows me to connect the parent and the child's components
  let { validateChildren } = props;
  // I am initializing the state of the children
  // good if we can even leverage on the functional children's state
  let initialState = {
    one: "hello world",
    two: () => {
      console.log("I am accessing child method from parent :].");
      return "child method achieve";
    }
  };
  // useState initialization
  const [componentState, setComponentState] = useState(initialState);
  // useEffect will allow me to communicate with the parent
  // through a lifecycle data flow
  useEffect(() => {
    ref.current = { componentState };
    validateChildren(ref.current.componentState.two);
  });

{...}

});

{...}

// Parent component
class App extends Component {
  // initialize the ref inside the constructor element
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.childRef = createRef();
  }

  // I am implementing a parent's method
  // in child useEffect's method
  validateChildren = childrenMethod => {
    // access children method from parent
    childrenMethod();
    // or signaling children is ready
    console.log("children active");
  };

{...}
render(){
       return (
          {
            // I am referencing the children
            // also I am implementing the parent logic connector's function
            // in the child, here => this.validateChildren's function
          }
          <Child ref={this.childRef} validateChildren={this.validateChildren} />
        </div>
       )
}