我不是PHP开发人员，所以我想知道在PHP中使用显式getter/setter的优点和缺点是什么，在纯OOP风格中，带有私有字段(我喜欢的方式):
class MyClass {
private $firstField;
private $secondField;
public function getFirstField() {
return $this->firstField;
}
public function setFirstField($x) {
$this->firstField = $x;
}
public function getSecondField() {
return $this->secondField;
}
public function setSecondField($x) {
$this->secondField = $x;
}
}
或者只是公共字段:
class MyClass {
public $firstField;
public $secondField;
}
如果你喜欢使用__call函数，你可以使用这个方法。它适用于
GET => $this->属性()
SET => $this->属性($value)
getProperty() => $this->
SET => $this->setProperty($value)
kalsdas
public function __call($name, $arguments) {
//Getting and setting with $this->property($optional);
if (property_exists(get_class($this), $name)) {
//Always set the value if a parameter is passed
if (count($arguments) == 1) {
/* set */
$this->$name = $arguments[0];
} else if (count($arguments) > 1) {
throw new \Exception("Setter for $name only accepts one parameter.");
}
//Always return the value (Even on the set)
return $this->$name;
}
//If it doesn't chech if its a normal old type setter ot getter
//Getting and setting with $this->getProperty($optional);
//Getting and setting with $this->setProperty($optional);
$prefix = substr($name, 0, 3);
$property = strtolower($name[3]) . substr($name, 4);
switch ($prefix) {
case 'get':
return $this->$property;
break;
case 'set':
//Always set the value if a parameter is passed
if (count($arguments) != 1) {
throw new \Exception("Setter for $name requires exactly one parameter.");
}
$this->$property = $arguments[0];
//Always return the value (Even on the set)
return $this->$name;
default:
throw new \Exception("Property $name doesn't exist.");
break;
}
}
验证+格式化/导出值
setter允许您验证数据，getter允许您格式化或派生数据。对象允许您将数据及其验证和格式化代码封装到一个鼓励DRY的整洁包中。
例如，考虑以下包含出生日期的简单类。
class BirthDate {
private $birth_date;
public function getBirthDate($format='Y-m-d') {
//format $birth_date ...
//$birth_date = ...
return $birth_date;
}
public function setBirthDate($birth_date) {
//if($birth_date is not valid) throw an exception ...
$this->birth_date = $birth_date;
}
public function getAge() {
//calculate age ...
return $age;
}
public function getDaysUntilBirthday() {
//calculate days until birth days
return $days;
}
}
您需要验证所设置的值是否为
有效日期
不是将来
而且您不希望在整个应用程序中(或在多个应用程序中)执行此验证。相反，将成员变量设置为受保护或私有(以便使setter成为唯一的访问点)并在setter中进行验证更容易，因为这样无论对象来自应用程序的哪个部分，您都知道对象包含有效的出生日期，如果您想添加更多验证，那么可以将其添加到单个位置。
你可能想要添加多个格式化程序来操作同一个成员变量，即getAge()和getDaysUntilBirthday()，你可能想要在getBirthDate()中强制一个可配置的格式，这取决于地区。因此，我更喜欢通过getter始终访问值，而不是将$date->getAge()与$date->birth_date混合。
在扩展对象时，getter和setter也很有用。例如，假设您的应用程序需要在某些地方允许150年以上的出生日期，而在其他地方则不允许。在不重复任何代码的情况下解决这个问题的一种方法是扩展BirthDate对象，并将额外的验证放在setter中。
class LivingBirthDate extends BirthDate {
public function setBirthDate($birth_date) {
//if $birth_date is greater than 150 years throw an exception
//else pass to parent's setter
return parent::setBirthDate($birth_date);
}
}
在阅读了其他建议后，我倾向于这样说:
作为GENERIC规则，你不会总是为所有属性定义setter，特别是“内部”属性(信号量、内部标志……)。只读属性显然没有setter，所以有些属性只有getter;这就是__get()缩小代码的地方:
define a __get() (magical global getters) for all those properties which are alike,
group them in arrays so:
they'll share common characteristics: monetary values will/may come up properly formatted, dates in an specific layout (ISO, US, Intl.), etc.
the code itself can verify that only existing & allowed properties are being read using this magical method.
whenever you need to create a new similar property, just declare it and add its name to the proper array and it's done. That's way FASTER than defining a new getter, perhaps with some lines of code REPEATED again and again all over the class code.
是的!我们也可以写一个私有方法来做到这一点，但话又说回来，我们将声明许多方法(++内存)，最终调用另一个总是相同的方法。为什么不写一个单一的方法来管理它们呢?(是的!双关语!)):
Magic setter也可以只响应特定的属性，因此可以单独在一个方法中筛选所有日期类型属性的无效值。如果日期类型属性列在数组中，则可以轻松定义它们的setter。当然，这只是一个例子。有太多的情况。
About readability... Well... That's another debate: I don't like to be bound to the uses of an IDE (in fact, I don't use them, they tend to tell me (and force me) how to write... and I have my likes about coding "beauty"). I tend to be consistent about naming, so using ctags and a couple of other aids is sufficient to me... Anyway: once all this magic setters and getters are done, I write the other setters that are too specific or "special" to be generalized in a __set() method. And that covers all I need about getting and setting properties. Of course: there's not always a common ground, or there are such a few properties that is not worth the trouble of coding a magical method, and then there's still the old good traditional setter/getter pair.
编程语言就是人类的人工语言。因此，它们都有自己的语调或重音、语法和风格，所以我不会假装用与Java或c#相同的“重音”来编写Ruby或Python代码，也不会编写类似Perl或SQL的JavaScript或PHP……用他们该用的方式去使用他们。
