我不是PHP开发人员,所以我想知道在PHP中使用显式getter/setter的优点和缺点是什么,在纯OOP风格中,带有私有字段(我喜欢的方式):
class MyClass {
private $firstField;
private $secondField;
public function getFirstField() {
return $this->firstField;
}
public function setFirstField($x) {
$this->firstField = $x;
}
public function getSecondField() {
return $this->secondField;
}
public function setSecondField($x) {
$this->secondField = $x;
}
}
或者只是公共字段:
class MyClass {
public $firstField;
public $secondField;
}
Well, PHP does have magic methods __get, __set, __isset & __unset, which is always a start. Alas proper (get it?) OO properties is more than magic methods. The main problem with PHP's implementation is that magic methods are called for all inaccessible properties. Which means you have to Repeat Yourself (eg. by calling property_exists()) in the magic methods when determining if name is actually a property of your object. And you can't really solve this general problem with a base class unless all your classes inherit from ie. ClassWithProperties, since PHP lacks multiple inheritance.
相比之下,Python的新样式类提供了property(),它允许显式地定义所有属性。c#有特殊的语法。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property_(编程)
封装在任何面向对象语言中都很重要,与受欢迎程度无关。在动态类型语言(如PHP)中,它特别有用,因为如果不使用设置符,几乎没有办法确保属性是特定类型的。
在PHP中,这是有效的:
class Foo {
public $bar; // should be an integer
}
$foo = new Foo;
$foo->bar = "string";
在Java中,它没有:
class Foo {
public int bar;
}
Foo myFoo = new Foo();
myFoo.bar = "string"; // error
使用魔法方法(__get和__set)也可以,但只有当访问的属性的可见性低于当前作用域可以访问的时候。如果使用不当,调试时很容易让您头疼。
class MyClass {
private $firstField;
private $secondField;
private $thirdField;
public function __get( $name ) {
if( method_exists( $this , $method = ( 'get' . ucfirst( $name ) ) ) )
return $this->$method();
else
throw new Exception( 'Can\'t get property ' . $name );
}
public function __set( $name , $value ) {
if( method_exists( $this , $method = ( 'set' . ucfirst( $name ) ) ) )
return $this->$method( $value );
else
throw new Exception( 'Can\'t set property ' . $name );
}
public function __isset( $name )
{
return method_exists( $this , 'get' . ucfirst( $name ) )
|| method_exists( $this , 'set' . ucfirst( $name ) );
}
public function getFirstField() {
return $this->firstField;
}
protected function setFirstField($x) {
$this->firstField = $x;
}
private function getSecondField() {
return $this->secondField;
}
}
$obj = new MyClass();
echo $obj->firstField; // works
$obj->firstField = 'value'; // works
echo $obj->getFirstField(); // works
$obj->setFirstField( 'value' ); // not works, method is protected
echo $obj->secondField; // works
echo $obj->getSecondField(); // not works, method is private
$obj->secondField = 'value'; // not works, setter not exists
echo $obj->thirdField; // not works, property not exists
isset( $obj->firstField ); // returns true
isset( $obj->secondField ); // returns true
isset( $obj->thirdField ); // returns false
准备好了!