从scikit-learn 0.20开始，你可以使用sklearn.compose.ColumnTransformer和sklearn.预处理. onehotencoder:

如果你只有分类变量，OneHotEncoder直接:

from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder

OneHotEncoder(handle_unknown='ignore').fit_transform(df)

如果你有异构类型的特性:

from sklearn.compose import make_column_transformer
from sklearn.preprocessing import RobustScaler
from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder

categorical_columns = ['pets', 'owner', 'location']
numerical_columns = ['age', 'weigth', 'height']
column_trans = make_column_transformer(
    (categorical_columns, OneHotEncoder(handle_unknown='ignore'),
    (numerical_columns, RobustScaler())
column_trans.fit_transform(df)

文档中有更多选项:http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/compose.html#columntransformer-for-heterogeneous-data

下面是我一次性转换多列的解决方案，以及精确的inverse_transform

from sklearn import preprocessing
columns = ['buying','maint','lug_boot','safety','cls']  # columns names where transform is required
for X in columns:
  exec(f'le_{X} = preprocessing.LabelEncoder()')  #create label encoder with name "le_X", where X is column name
  exec(f'df.{X} = le_{X}.fit_transform(df.{X})')  #execute fit transform for column X with respective lable encoder "le_X", where X is column name
df.head()  # to display transformed results

for X in columns:
  exec(f'df.{X} = le_{X}.inverse_transform(df.{X})')  #execute inverse_transform for column X with respective lable encoder "le_X", where X is column name
df.head() # to display Inverse transformed results of df

我查看了LabelEncoder的源代码(https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/blob/master/sklearn/preprocessing/label.py)。它基于一组numpy变换，其中一个是np.unique()。这个函数只接受一维数组输入。(如果我说错了请指正)。

非常粗略的想法…… 首先，确定哪些列需要LabelEncoder，然后循环遍历每个列。

def cat_var(df): 
    """Identify categorical features. 

    Parameters
    ----------
    df: original df after missing operations 

    Returns
    -------
    cat_var_df: summary df with col index and col name for all categorical vars
    """
    col_type = df.dtypes
    col_names = list(df)

    cat_var_index = [i for i, x in enumerate(col_type) if x=='object']
    cat_var_name = [x for i, x in enumerate(col_names) if i in cat_var_index]

    cat_var_df = pd.DataFrame({'cat_ind': cat_var_index, 
                               'cat_name': cat_var_name})

    return cat_var_df



from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder 

def column_encoder(df, cat_var_list):
    """Encoding categorical feature in the dataframe

    Parameters
    ----------
    df: input dataframe 
    cat_var_list: categorical feature index and name, from cat_var function

    Return
    ------
    df: new dataframe where categorical features are encoded
    label_list: classes_ attribute for all encoded features 
    """

    label_list = []
    cat_var_df = cat_var(df)
    cat_list = cat_var_df.loc[:, 'cat_name']

    for index, cat_feature in enumerate(cat_list): 

        le = LabelEncoder()

        le.fit(df.loc[:, cat_feature])    
        label_list.append(list(le.classes_))

        df.loc[:, cat_feature] = le.transform(df.loc[:, cat_feature])

    return df, label_list

返回的df将是编码后的df, label_list将显示所有这些值在相应列中的含义。 这是我为工作编写的数据处理脚本的一个片段。如果你觉得还有什么改进的地方，请告诉我。

编辑: 这里只想提一下，上述方法在处理数据帧时不会遗漏最佳数据。不确定它是如何工作的数据帧包含丢失的数据。(在执行上述方法之前，我已经处理了缺失过程)

如果我们有单列来做标签编码和它的逆变换，当python中有多列时，很容易做到这一点

def stringtocategory(dataset):
    '''
    @author puja.sharma
    @see The function label encodes the object type columns and gives label      encoded and inverse tranform of the label encoded data
    @param dataset dataframe on whoes column the label encoding has to be done
    @return label encoded and inverse tranform of the label encoded data.
   ''' 
   data_original = dataset[:]
   data_tranformed = dataset[:]
   for y in dataset.columns:
       #check the dtype of the column object type contains strings or chars
       if (dataset[y].dtype == object):
          print("The string type features are  : " + y)
          le = preprocessing.LabelEncoder()
          le.fit(dataset[y].unique())
          #label encoded data
          data_tranformed[y] = le.transform(dataset[y])
          #inverse label transform  data
          data_original[y] = le.inverse_transform(data_tranformed[y])
   return data_tranformed,data_original

如果你拥有object类型的所有特征，那么上面写的第一个答案很好https://stackoverflow.com/a/31939145/5840973。

但是，假设我们有混合类型的列。然后，我们可以以编程方式获取类型对象类型名称的特征列表，然后对它们进行标签编码。

#Fetch features of type Object
objFeatures = dataframe.select_dtypes(include="object").columns

#Iterate a loop for features of type object
from sklearn import preprocessing
le = preprocessing.LabelEncoder()

for feat in objFeatures:
    dataframe[feat] = le.fit_transform(dataframe[feat].astype(str))
 

dataframe.info()

我们可以使用scikit learn中的OrdinalEncoder来代替LabelEncoder，它允许多列编码。

将分类特征编码为整数数组。 这个转换器的输入应该是一个类似数组的整数或字符串，表示分类(离散)特征所取的值。特征被转换为序号整数。这将导致每个特性生成一列整数(0到n_categories - 1)。

>>> from sklearn.preprocessing import OrdinalEncoder
>>> enc = OrdinalEncoder()
>>> X = [['Male', 1], ['Female', 3], ['Female', 2]]
>>> enc.fit(X)
OrdinalEncoder()
>>> enc.categories_
[array(['Female', 'Male'], dtype=object), array([1, 2, 3], dtype=object)]
>>> enc.transform([['Female', 3], ['Male', 1]])
array([[0., 2.],
       [1., 0.]])

描述和示例都是从它的文档页面复制的，你可以在这里找到:

https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.preprocessing.OrdinalEncoder.html#sklearn.preprocessing.OrdinalEncoder