def safeget(_dct, *_keys):
    if not isinstance(_dct, dict): raise TypeError("Is not instance of dict")
    def foo(dct, *keys):
        if len(keys) == 0: return dct
        elif not isinstance(_dct, dict): return None
        else: return foo(dct.get(keys[0], None), *keys[1:])
    return foo(_dct, *_keys)

assert safeget(dict()) == dict()
assert safeget(dict(), "test") == None
assert safeget(dict([["a", 1],["b", 2]]),"a", "d") == None
assert safeget(dict([["a", 1],["b", 2]]),"a") == 1
assert safeget({"a":{"b":{"c": 2}},"d":1}, "a", "b")["c"] == 2

你可以使用开源ndicts包中的NestedDict(我是作者)，它有一个完全像字典一样的安全get方法。

>>> from ndicts import NestedDict
>>> nd = NestedDict({"key1": {"key2": 0}}
>>> nd.get(("key1", "key2))
0
>>> nd.get("asd")

我已经编写了一个deepextract包，它完全符合您的要求:https://github.com/ya332/deepextract 你可以这样做

from deepextract import deepextract
# Demo: deepextract.extract_key(obj, key)
deeply_nested_dict = {
    "items": {
        "item": {
            "id": {
                "type": {
                    "donut": {
                        "name": {
                            "batters": {
                                "my_target_key": "my_target_value"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
print(deepextract.extract_key(deeply_nested_dict, "my_target_key") == "my_target_value")

返回

True

我的实现下降到子字典，忽略None值，但失败与TypeError如果发现任何其他

def deep_get(d: dict, *keys, default=None):
    """ Safely get a nested value from a dict

    Example:
        config = {'device': None}
        deep_get(config, 'device', 'settings', 'light')
        # -> None
        
    Example:
        config = {'device': True}
        deep_get(config, 'device', 'settings', 'light')
        # -> TypeError

    Example:
        config = {'device': {'settings': {'light': 'bright'}}}
        deep_get(config, 'device', 'settings', 'light')
        # -> 'light'

    Note that it returns `default` is a key is missing or when it's None.
    It will raise a TypeError if a value is anything else but a dict or None.
    
    Args:
        d: The dict to descend into
        keys: A sequence of keys to follow
        default: Custom default value
    """
    # Descend while we can
    try:
        for k in keys:
            d = d[k]
    # If at any step a key is missing, return default
    except KeyError:
        return default
    # If at any step the value is not a dict...
    except TypeError:
        # ... if it's a None, return default. Assume it would be a dict.
        if d is None:
            return default
        # ... if it's something else, raise
        else:
            raise
    # If the value was found, return it
    else:
        return d

通过把所有这些答案和我做的小改变结合起来，我认为这个函数会很有用。安全、快捷、易于维护。

def deep_get(dictionary, keys, default=None):
    return reduce(lambda d, key: d.get(key, default) if isinstance(d, dict) else default, keys.split("."), dictionary)

例子:

from functools import reduce
def deep_get(dictionary, keys, default=None):
    return reduce(lambda d, key: d.get(key, default) if isinstance(d, dict) else default, keys.split("."), dictionary)

person = {'person':{'name':{'first':'John'}}}
print(deep_get(person, "person.name.first"))    # John

print(deep_get(person, "person.name.lastname")) # None

print(deep_get(person, "person.name.lastname", default="No lastname"))  # No lastname

我建议你试试蟒蛇本尼迪克特。

它是一个dict子类，提供小键盘支持等功能。

安装:pip install python-benedict

from benedict import benedict

example_dict = benedict(example_dict, keypath_separator='.')

现在你可以使用keypath访问嵌套值:

val = example_dict['key1.key2']

# using 'get' method to avoid a possible KeyError:
val = example_dict.get('key1.key2')

或者使用键列表访问嵌套值:

val = example_dict['key1', 'key2']

# using get to avoid a possible KeyError:
val = example_dict.get(['key1', 'key2'])

它在GitHub上经过了很好的测试和开源:

https://github.com/fabiocaccamo/python-benedict

注:我是这个项目的作者