我有一本嵌套的字典。是否只有一种方法可以安全地传递价值观?

try:
    example_dict['key1']['key2']
except KeyError:
    pass

或者python有一个类似get()的方法用于嵌套字典?


当前回答

我已经编写了一个deepextract包,它完全符合您的要求:https://github.com/ya332/deepextract 你可以这样做

from deepextract import deepextract
# Demo: deepextract.extract_key(obj, key)
deeply_nested_dict = {
    "items": {
        "item": {
            "id": {
                "type": {
                    "donut": {
                        "name": {
                            "batters": {
                                "my_target_key": "my_target_value"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
print(deepextract.extract_key(deeply_nested_dict, "my_target_key") == "my_target_value")

返回

True

其他回答

根据Yoav的回答,一个更安全的方法是:

def deep_get(dictionary, *keys):
    return reduce(lambda d, key: d.get(key, None) if isinstance(d, dict) else None, keys, dictionary)

递归解。它不是最有效的,但我发现它比其他示例更具可读性,而且它不依赖于functools。

def deep_get(d, keys):
    if not keys or d is None:
        return d
    return deep_get(d.get(keys[0]), keys[1:])

例子

d = {'meta': {'status': 'OK', 'status_code': 200}}
deep_get(d, ['meta', 'status_code'])     # => 200
deep_get(d, ['garbage', 'status_code'])  # => None

一个更精致的版本

def deep_get(d, keys, default=None):
    """
    Example:
        d = {'meta': {'status': 'OK', 'status_code': 200}}
        deep_get(d, ['meta', 'status_code'])          # => 200
        deep_get(d, ['garbage', 'status_code'])       # => None
        deep_get(d, ['meta', 'garbage'], default='-') # => '-'
    """
    assert type(keys) is list
    if d is None:
        return default
    if not keys:
        return d
    return deep_get(d.get(keys[0]), keys[1:], default)
def safeget(_dct, *_keys):
    if not isinstance(_dct, dict): raise TypeError("Is not instance of dict")
    def foo(dct, *keys):
        if len(keys) == 0: return dct
        elif not isinstance(_dct, dict): return None
        else: return foo(dct.get(keys[0], None), *keys[1:])
    return foo(_dct, *_keys)

assert safeget(dict()) == dict()
assert safeget(dict(), "test") == None
assert safeget(dict([["a", 1],["b", 2]]),"a", "d") == None
assert safeget(dict([["a", 1],["b", 2]]),"a") == 1
assert safeget({"a":{"b":{"c": 2}},"d":1}, "a", "b")["c"] == 2

在深入获取属性后,我使用点表示法安全地获得嵌套的dict值。这适用于我,因为我的字典是反序列化的MongoDB对象,所以我知道键名不包含.s。此外,在我的上下文中,我可以指定一个数据中没有的虚假回退值(None),因此在调用函数时可以避免使用try/except模式。

from functools import reduce # Python 3
def deepgetitem(obj, item, fallback=None):
    """Steps through an item chain to get the ultimate value.

    If ultimate value or path to value does not exist, does not raise
    an exception and instead returns `fallback`.

    >>> d = {'snl_final': {'about': {'_icsd': {'icsd_id': 1}}}}
    >>> deepgetitem(d, 'snl_final.about._icsd.icsd_id')
    1
    >>> deepgetitem(d, 'snl_final.about._sandbox.sbx_id')
    >>>
    """
    def getitem(obj, name):
        try:
            return obj[name]
        except (KeyError, TypeError):
            return fallback
    return reduce(getitem, item.split('.'), obj)

你可以使用pydash:

import pydash as _  #NOTE require `pip install pydash`

_.get(example_dict, 'key1.key2', default='Default')

https://pydash.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html