你可以使用开源ndicts包中的NestedDict(我是作者)，它有一个完全像字典一样的安全get方法。

>>> from ndicts import NestedDict
>>> nd = NestedDict({"key1": {"key2": 0}}
>>> nd.get(("key1", "key2))
0
>>> nd.get("asd")

我的实现下降到子字典，忽略None值，但失败与TypeError如果发现任何其他

def deep_get(d: dict, *keys, default=None):
    """ Safely get a nested value from a dict

    Example:
        config = {'device': None}
        deep_get(config, 'device', 'settings', 'light')
        # -> None
        
    Example:
        config = {'device': True}
        deep_get(config, 'device', 'settings', 'light')
        # -> TypeError

    Example:
        config = {'device': {'settings': {'light': 'bright'}}}
        deep_get(config, 'device', 'settings', 'light')
        # -> 'light'

    Note that it returns `default` is a key is missing or when it's None.
    It will raise a TypeError if a value is anything else but a dict or None.
    
    Args:
        d: The dict to descend into
        keys: A sequence of keys to follow
        default: Custom default value
    """
    # Descend while we can
    try:
        for k in keys:
            d = d[k]
    # If at any step a key is missing, return default
    except KeyError:
        return default
    # If at any step the value is not a dict...
    except TypeError:
        # ... if it's a None, return default. Assume it would be a dict.
        if d is None:
            return default
        # ... if it's something else, raise
        else:
            raise
    # If the value was found, return it
    else:
        return d

我已经编写了一个deepextract包，它完全符合您的要求:https://github.com/ya332/deepextract 你可以这样做

from deepextract import deepextract
# Demo: deepextract.extract_key(obj, key)
deeply_nested_dict = {
    "items": {
        "item": {
            "id": {
                "type": {
                    "donut": {
                        "name": {
                            "batters": {
                                "my_target_key": "my_target_value"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
print(deepextract.extract_key(deeply_nested_dict, "my_target_key") == "my_target_value")

返回

True

你可以使用get两次:

example_dict.get('key1', {}).get('key2')

如果key1或key2不存在，则返回None。

注意，如果example_dict['key1']存在但不是dict(或具有get方法的类dict对象)，仍然可能引发AttributeError。如果example_dict['key1']不可下标，你发布的try..except代码将引发TypeError。

另一个区别是try…除非在第一次丢失钥匙后立即发生短路。get调用链则不然。

如果您希望保留语法example_dict['key1']['key2']，但不希望它引发KeyErrors，那么您可以使用哈希recipe:

class Hasher(dict):
    # https://stackoverflow.com/a/3405143/190597
    def __missing__(self, key):
        value = self[key] = type(self)()
        return value

example_dict = Hasher()
print(example_dict['key1'])
# {}
print(example_dict['key1']['key2'])
# {}
print(type(example_dict['key1']['key2']))
# <class '__main__.Hasher'>

注意，当缺少一个键时，返回一个空的hash。

因为Hasher是dict的一个子类，你可以像使用dict一样使用Hasher。所有相同的方法和语法都是可用的，哈希器只是以不同的方式对待缺失的键。

你可以像这样把一个普通字典转换成哈希:

hasher = Hasher(example_dict)

并将哈希转换为普通字典一样容易:

regular_dict = dict(hasher)

另一种选择是在helper函数中隐藏丑陋的代码:

def safeget(dct, *keys):
    for key in keys:
        try:
            dct = dct[key]
        except KeyError:
            return None
    return dct

这样你剩下的代码就可以保持相对的可读性:

safeget(example_dict, 'key1', 'key2')

递归解。它不是最有效的，但我发现它比其他示例更具可读性，而且它不依赖于functools。

def deep_get(d, keys):
    if not keys or d is None:
        return d
    return deep_get(d.get(keys[0]), keys[1:])

例子

d = {'meta': {'status': 'OK', 'status_code': 200}}
deep_get(d, ['meta', 'status_code'])     # => 200
deep_get(d, ['garbage', 'status_code'])  # => None

一个更精致的版本

def deep_get(d, keys, default=None):
    """
    Example:
        d = {'meta': {'status': 'OK', 'status_code': 200}}
        deep_get(d, ['meta', 'status_code'])          # => 200
        deep_get(d, ['garbage', 'status_code'])       # => None
        deep_get(d, ['meta', 'garbage'], default='-') # => '-'
    """
    assert type(keys) is list
    if d is None:
        return default
    if not keys:
        return d
    return deep_get(d.get(keys[0]), keys[1:], default)

通过把所有这些答案和我做的小改变结合起来，我认为这个函数会很有用。安全、快捷、易于维护。

def deep_get(dictionary, keys, default=None):
    return reduce(lambda d, key: d.get(key, default) if isinstance(d, dict) else default, keys.split("."), dictionary)

例子:

from functools import reduce
def deep_get(dictionary, keys, default=None):
    return reduce(lambda d, key: d.get(key, default) if isinstance(d, dict) else default, keys.split("."), dictionary)

person = {'person':{'name':{'first':'John'}}}
print(deep_get(person, "person.name.first"))    # John

print(deep_get(person, "person.name.lastname")) # None

print(deep_get(person, "person.name.lastname", default="No lastname"))  # No lastname