我有一个熊猫数据框架,df_test。它包含一个列'size',以字节为单位表示大小。我已经计算了KB, MB和GB使用以下代码:

df_test = pd.DataFrame([
    {'dir': '/Users/uname1', 'size': 994933},
    {'dir': '/Users/uname2', 'size': 109338711},
])

df_test['size_kb'] = df_test['size'].astype(int).apply(lambda x: locale.format("%.1f", x / 1024.0, grouping=True) + ' KB')
df_test['size_mb'] = df_test['size'].astype(int).apply(lambda x: locale.format("%.1f", x / 1024.0 ** 2, grouping=True) + ' MB')
df_test['size_gb'] = df_test['size'].astype(int).apply(lambda x: locale.format("%.1f", x / 1024.0 ** 3, grouping=True) + ' GB')

df_test


             dir       size       size_kb   size_mb size_gb
0  /Users/uname1     994933      971.6 KB    0.9 MB  0.0 GB
1  /Users/uname2  109338711  106,776.1 KB  104.3 MB  0.1 GB

[2 rows x 5 columns]

我已经运行了超过120,000行,根据%timeit,每列大约需要2.97秒* 3 = ~9秒。

有什么办法能让它快点吗?例如,我可以从apply中一次返回一列并运行3次,我可以一次返回所有三列以插入到原始的数据框架中吗?

我发现的其他问题都希望接受多个值并返回一个值。我想取一个值并返回多个列。


当前回答

只是另一种可读的方式。这段代码将添加三个新列及其值,在apply函数中返回不带使用参数的序列。

def sizes(s):

    val_kb = locale.format("%.1f", s['size'] / 1024.0, grouping=True) + ' KB'
    val_mb = locale.format("%.1f", s['size'] / 1024.0 ** 2, grouping=True) + ' MB'
    val_gb = locale.format("%.1f", s['size'] / 1024.0 ** 3, grouping=True) + ' GB'
    return pd.Series([val_kb,val_mb,val_gb],index=['size_kb','size_mb','size_gb'])

df[['size_kb','size_mb','size_gb']] = df.apply(lambda x: sizes(x) , axis=1)

一个来自https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generated/pandas.DataFrame.apply.html的通用示例

df.apply(lambda x: pd.Series([1, 2], index=['foo', 'bar']), axis=1)

#foo  bar
#0    1    2
#1    1    2
#2    1    2

其他回答

它提供了一个新的数据框架,其中包含原始数据框架的两列。

import pandas as pd
df = ...
df_with_two_columns = df.apply(lambda row:pd.Series([row['column_1'], row['column_2']], index=['column_1', 'column_2']),axis = 1)

顶部答案之间的性能差异很大,Jesse和famaral42已经讨论过这个问题,但是值得分享顶部答案之间的公平比较,并详细说明Jesse答案中一个微妙但重要的细节:传递给函数的参数也会影响性能。

(Python 3.7.4, Pandas 1.0.3)

import pandas as pd
import locale
import timeit


def create_new_df_test():
    df_test = pd.DataFrame([
      {'dir': '/Users/uname1', 'size': 994933},
      {'dir': '/Users/uname2', 'size': 109338711},
    ])
    return df_test


def sizes_pass_series_return_series(series):
    series['size_kb'] = locale.format_string("%.1f", series['size'] / 1024.0, grouping=True) + ' KB'
    series['size_mb'] = locale.format_string("%.1f", series['size'] / 1024.0 ** 2, grouping=True) + ' MB'
    series['size_gb'] = locale.format_string("%.1f", series['size'] / 1024.0 ** 3, grouping=True) + ' GB'
    return series


def sizes_pass_series_return_tuple(series):
    a = locale.format_string("%.1f", series['size'] / 1024.0, grouping=True) + ' KB'
    b = locale.format_string("%.1f", series['size'] / 1024.0 ** 2, grouping=True) + ' MB'
    c = locale.format_string("%.1f", series['size'] / 1024.0 ** 3, grouping=True) + ' GB'
    return a, b, c


def sizes_pass_value_return_tuple(value):
    a = locale.format_string("%.1f", value / 1024.0, grouping=True) + ' KB'
    b = locale.format_string("%.1f", value / 1024.0 ** 2, grouping=True) + ' MB'
    c = locale.format_string("%.1f", value / 1024.0 ** 3, grouping=True) + ' GB'
    return a, b, c

以下是调查结果:

# 1 - Accepted (Nels11 Answer) - (pass series, return series):
9.82 ms ± 377 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)

# 2 - Pandafied (jaumebonet Answer) - (pass series, return tuple):
2.34 ms ± 48.6 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)

# 3 - Tuples (pass series, return tuple then zip):
1.36 ms ± 62.8 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000 loops each)

# 4 - Tuples (Jesse Answer) - (pass value, return tuple then zip):
752 µs ± 18.5 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000 loops each)

请注意,返回元组是最快的方法,但作为参数传入的内容也会影响性能。代码中的差异很小,但性能的提高是显著的。

测试#4(传入单个值)的速度是测试#3(传入一系列值)的两倍,尽管执行的操作表面上是相同的。

但还有更多……

# 1a - Accepted (Nels11 Answer) - (pass series, return series, new columns exist):
3.23 ms ± 141 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)

# 2a - Pandafied (jaumebonet Answer) - (pass series, return tuple, new columns exist):
2.31 ms ± 39.3 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)

# 3a - Tuples (pass series, return tuple then zip, new columns exist):
1.36 ms ± 58.4 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000 loops each)

# 4a - Tuples (Jesse Answer) - (pass value, return tuple then zip, new columns exist):
694 µs ± 3.9 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000 loops each)

在某些情况下(#1a和#4a),将函数应用到已经存在输出列的DataFrame比从函数中创建输出列更快。

下面是运行测试的代码:

# Paste and run the following in ipython console. It will not work if you run it from a .py file.
print('\nAccepted Answer (pass series, return series, new columns dont exist):')
df_test = create_new_df_test()
%timeit result = df_test.apply(sizes_pass_series_return_series, axis=1)
print('Accepted Answer (pass series, return series, new columns exist):')
df_test = create_new_df_test()
df_test = pd.concat([df_test, pd.DataFrame(columns=['size_kb', 'size_mb', 'size_gb'])])
%timeit result = df_test.apply(sizes_pass_series_return_series, axis=1)

print('\nPandafied (pass series, return tuple, new columns dont exist):')
df_test = create_new_df_test()
%timeit df_test[['size_kb', 'size_mb', 'size_gb']] = df_test.apply(sizes_pass_series_return_tuple, axis=1, result_type="expand")
print('Pandafied (pass series, return tuple, new columns exist):')
df_test = create_new_df_test()
df_test = pd.concat([df_test, pd.DataFrame(columns=['size_kb', 'size_mb', 'size_gb'])])
%timeit df_test[['size_kb', 'size_mb', 'size_gb']] = df_test.apply(sizes_pass_series_return_tuple, axis=1, result_type="expand")

print('\nTuples (pass series, return tuple then zip, new columns dont exist):')
df_test = create_new_df_test()
%timeit df_test['size_kb'],  df_test['size_mb'], df_test['size_gb'] = zip(*df_test.apply(sizes_pass_series_return_tuple, axis=1))
print('Tuples (pass series, return tuple then zip, new columns exist):')
df_test = create_new_df_test()
df_test = pd.concat([df_test, pd.DataFrame(columns=['size_kb', 'size_mb', 'size_gb'])])
%timeit df_test['size_kb'],  df_test['size_mb'], df_test['size_gb'] = zip(*df_test.apply(sizes_pass_series_return_tuple, axis=1))

print('\nTuples (pass value, return tuple then zip, new columns dont exist):')
df_test = create_new_df_test()
%timeit df_test['size_kb'],  df_test['size_mb'], df_test['size_gb'] = zip(*df_test['size'].apply(sizes_pass_value_return_tuple))
print('Tuples (pass value, return tuple then zip, new columns exist):')
df_test = create_new_df_test()
df_test = pd.concat([df_test, pd.DataFrame(columns=['size_kb', 'size_mb', 'size_gb'])])
%timeit df_test['size_kb'],  df_test['size_mb'], df_test['size_gb'] = zip(*df_test['size'].apply(sizes_pass_value_return_tuple))

我相信1.1版本打破了上面答案中建议的行为。

import pandas as pd
def test_func(row):
    row['c'] = str(row['a']) + str(row['b'])
    row['d'] = row['a'] + 1
    return row

df = pd.DataFrame({'a': [1, 2, 3], 'b': ['i', 'j', 'k']})
df.apply(test_func, axis=1)

上面的代码在pandas 1.1.0上运行返回:

   a  b   c  d
0  1  i  1i  2
1  1  i  1i  2
2  1  i  1i  2

而在熊猫1.0.5中,它返回:

   a   b    c  d
0  1   i   1i  2
1  2   j   2j  3
2  3   k   3k  4

我想这是你所期望的。

不确定发布说明如何解释这种行为,但是正如这里所解释的那样,通过复制原始行来避免突变,从而恢复旧的行为。例如:

def test_func(row):
    row = row.copy()   #  <---- Avoid mutating the original reference
    row['c'] = str(row['a']) + str(row['b'])
    row['d'] = row['a'] + 1
    return row

我想在groupby上使用apply。我试着用你建议的方法。它确实对我有帮助,但不是全部。

添加result_type='expand'没有工作(因为我在系列上使用apply而不是DataFrame?)和zip(*___),我失去了索引。

如果其他人也有同样的问题,下面是我(最终)解决它的方法:

dfg = df.groupby(by=['Column1','Column2']).Column3.apply(myfunc)
dfres = pd.DataFrame()
dfres['a'], dfres['b'], dfres['c'] = (dfg.apply(lambda x: x[0]), dfg.apply(lambda x: x[1]), dfg.apply(lambda x: x[2])) 

或者你知道更好的办法。告诉我。

如果这超出了我们讨论的范围,请告诉我。

只是另一种可读的方式。这段代码将添加三个新列及其值,在apply函数中返回不带使用参数的序列。

def sizes(s):

    val_kb = locale.format("%.1f", s['size'] / 1024.0, grouping=True) + ' KB'
    val_mb = locale.format("%.1f", s['size'] / 1024.0 ** 2, grouping=True) + ' MB'
    val_gb = locale.format("%.1f", s['size'] / 1024.0 ** 3, grouping=True) + ' GB'
    return pd.Series([val_kb,val_mb,val_gb],index=['size_kb','size_mb','size_gb'])

df[['size_kb','size_mb','size_gb']] = df.apply(lambda x: sizes(x) , axis=1)

一个来自https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/generated/pandas.DataFrame.apply.html的通用示例

df.apply(lambda x: pd.Series([1, 2], index=['foo', 'bar']), axis=1)

#foo  bar
#0    1    2
#1    1    2
#2    1    2