数据类似乎是Java中老式pojo的替代品。这些类允许继承是可以预料的,但我看不出扩展数据类的方便方法。我需要的是这样的东西:

open data class Resource (var id: Long = 0, var location: String = "")
data class Book (var isbn: String) : Resource()

上面的代码失败是因为component1()方法的冲突。只在一个类中留下数据注释也不能完成这项工作。

也许还有另一种扩展数据类的习惯用法?

UPD:我可能只注释子子类,但数据注释只处理构造函数中声明的属性。也就是说,我必须声明所有的父属性是开放的,并重写它们,这是丑陋的:

open class Resource (open var id: Long = 0, open var location: String = "")
data class Book (
    override var id: Long = 0,
    override var location: String = "",
    var isbn: String
) : Resource()

当前回答

Kotlin Traits可以提供帮助。

interface IBase {
    val prop:String
}

interface IDerived : IBase {
    val derived_prop:String
}

数据类

data class Base(override val prop:String) : IBase

data class Derived(override val derived_prop:String,
                   private val base:IBase) :  IDerived, IBase by base

示例使用

val b = Base("base")
val d = Derived("derived", b)

print(d.prop) //prints "base", accessing base class property
print(d.derived_prop) //prints "derived"

这种方法也可以用来解决@Parcelize的继承问题

@Parcelize 
data class Base(override val prop:Any) : IBase, Parcelable

@Parcelize // works fine
data class Derived(override val derived_prop:Any,
                   private val base:IBase) : IBase by base, IDerived, Parcelable

其他回答

虽然在层次结构中正确地实现equals()确实相当困难,但支持继承其他方法仍然很好,例如:toString()。

为了更具体一点,让我们假设我们有以下结构(显然,它不起作用,因为toString()不是继承的,但如果它不是很好吗?):

abstract class ResourceId(open val basePath: BasePath, open val id: Id) {

    // non of the subtypes inherit this... unfortunately...
    override fun toString(): String = "/${basePath.value}/${id.value}"
}
data class UserResourceId(override val id: UserId) : ResourceId(UserBasePath, id)
data class LocationResourceId(override val id: LocationId) : ResourceId(LocationBasePath, id)

Assuming our User and Location entities return their appropriate resource IDs (UserResourceId and LocationResourceId respectively), calling toString() on any ResourceId could result in quite a nice little representation that is generally valid for all subtypes: /users/4587, /locations/23, etc. Unfortunately, because non of the subtypes inherited to overridden toString() method from the abstract base ResourceId, calling toString() actually results in a less pretty representation: <UserResourceId(id=UserId(value=4587))>, <LocationResourceId(id=LocationId(value=23))>

还有其他方法可以对上述模型进行建模,但这些方法要么迫使我们使用非数据类(错过了数据类的许多好处),要么我们最终在所有数据类中复制/重复toString()实现(没有继承)。

我发现在DTO中使用继承的最好方法是使用Lombok插件在java中创建数据类。

不要忘记在注释中将lombok.equalsAndHashCode.callSuper设置为true

data class User(val id: Long, var name: String)

fun main() {
    val user1 = User(id:1, name:"Kart")
    val name = user1.name
    println(name)
    user1.name = "Michel"
    val user2 = User(id:1, name:"Michel")
    println(user1 == user2)
    println(user1)
    val updateUser = user1.copy(name = "DK DK")
    println(updateUser)
    println(updateUser.component1())
    println(updateUser.component2())
    val (id, name) = updateUser
    println("$id,$name")
}

//here is the output below

检查图像为什么它显示错误id:1(编译器说使用=而不是双点,我插入的值)

可以从非数据类继承数据类。

基类

open class BaseEntity (

@ColumnInfo(name = "name") var name: String? = null,
@ColumnInfo(name = "description") var description: String? = null,
// ...
)

子类

@Entity(tableName = "items", indices = [Index(value = ["item_id"])])
data class CustomEntity(

    @PrimaryKey
    @ColumnInfo(name = "id") var id: Long? = null,
    @ColumnInfo(name = "item_id") var itemId: Long = 0,
    @ColumnInfo(name = "item_color") var color: Int? = null

) : BaseEntity()

它工作。

事实是:数据类不能很好地处理继承。我们正在考虑禁止或严格限制数据类的继承。例如,众所周知,在非抽象类的层次结构中无法正确地实现equals()。

因此,我所能提供的是:不要对数据类使用继承。