你可以按照指南中的方式回滚一次迁移:

http://guides.rubyonrails.org/active_record_migrations.html#reverting-previous-migrations

生成迁移:

rails generate migration revert_create_tablename

编写迁移:

require_relative '20121212123456_create_tablename'

class RevertCreateTablename < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
  def change
    revert CreateTablename    
  end
end

通过这种方式，您还可以回滚并用于恢复任何迁移

删除表/迁移

运行: $ rails生成迁移DropTablename

$ rails生成迁移DropProducts

手动编写迁移。例如:运行rails g migration DropUsers。

至于迁移的代码，我将引用Maxwell Holder的帖子Rails migration Checklist

BAD—运行rake db:migrate and then rake db:rollback将失败

class DropUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def change
    drop_table :users
  end
end

GOOD -揭示了迁移不应该可逆的意图

class DropUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def up
    drop_table :users
  end

  def down
    fail ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration
  end
end

BETTER -实际上是可逆的

class DropUsers < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def change
    drop_table :users do |t|
      t.string :email, null: false
      t.timestamps null: false
    end
  end
end

你不能简单地运行drop_table:table_name，相反，你可以通过运行以下命令创建一个空迁移: rails迁移drop安装

然后你可以把这个添加到空迁移中:

class DropInstalls < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def change
    drop_table :installs
  end
end

然后在命令行中运行rails db:migrate，这将删除安装表 在这里找到了解决方案

我需要删除我们的迁移脚本以及表本身……

class Util::Table < ActiveRecord::Migration

 def self.clobber(table_name)   
    # drop the table
    if ActiveRecord::Base.connection.table_exists? table_name
      puts "\n== " + table_name.upcase.cyan + " ! " 
           << Time.now.strftime("%H:%M:%S").yellow
      drop_table table_name 
    end

    # locate any existing migrations for a table and delete them
    base_folder = File.join(Rails.root.to_s, 'db', 'migrate')
    Dir[File.join(base_folder, '**', '*.rb')].each do |file|
      if file =~ /create_#{table_name}.rb/
        puts "== deleting migration: " + file.cyan + " ! "
             << Time.now.strftime("%H:%M:%S").yellow
        FileUtils.rm_rf(file)
        break
      end
    end
  end

  def self.clobber_all
    # delete every table in the db, along with every corresponding migration 
    ActiveRecord::Base.connection.tables.each {|t| clobber t}
  end

end

从终端窗口运行:

$ rails runner "Util::Table.clobber 'your_table_name'"

or

$ rails runner "Util::Table.clobber_all"

替代引发异常或试图重新创建一个现在空的表-同时仍然启用迁移回滚，重做等-

def change
  drop_table(:users, force: true) if ActiveRecord::Base.connection.tables.include?('users')
end