enum Suit: String {
case spades = "♠"
case hearts = "♥"
case diamonds = "♦"
case clubs = "♣"
}
例如,我怎么做这样的事情:
for suit in Suit {
// do something with suit
print(suit.rawValue)
}
结果示例:
♠
♥
♦
♣
enum Suit: String {
case spades = "♠"
case hearts = "♥"
case diamonds = "♦"
case clubs = "♣"
}
例如,我怎么做这样的事情:
for suit in Suit {
// do something with suit
print(suit.rawValue)
}
结果示例:
♠
♥
♦
♣
当前回答
Swift 4 + 2。
从Swift 4.2 (Xcode 10)开始,只需将协议一致性添加到CaseIterable中,就可以从allCases中受益。要添加这个协议一致性,你只需要在某个地方写:
extension Suit: CaseIterable {}
如果枚举是你自己的,你可以直接在声明中指定一致性:
enum Suit: String, CaseIterable { case spades = "♠"; case hearts = "♥"; case diamonds = "♦"; case clubs = "♣" }
然后下面的代码将打印所有可能的值:
Suit.allCases.forEach {
print($0.rawValue)
}
与早期Swift版本的兼容性(3。X和4.x)
如果您需要支持Swift 3。x或4.0,你可以通过添加以下代码来模仿Swift 4.2的实现:
#if !swift(>=4.2)
public protocol CaseIterable {
associatedtype AllCases: Collection where AllCases.Element == Self
static var allCases: AllCases { get }
}
extension CaseIterable where Self: Hashable {
static var allCases: [Self] {
return [Self](AnySequence { () -> AnyIterator<Self> in
var raw = 0
var first: Self?
return AnyIterator {
let current = withUnsafeBytes(of: &raw) { $0.load(as: Self.self) }
if raw == 0 {
first = current
} else if current == first {
return nil
}
raw += 1
return current
}
})
}
}
#endif
其他回答
我发现自己在代码中经常使用. allvalues。我终于找到了一种方法来简单地遵循Iteratable协议并拥有一个rawValues()方法。
protocol Iteratable {}
extension RawRepresentable where Self: RawRepresentable {
static func iterateEnum<T: Hashable>(_: T.Type) -> AnyIterator<T> {
var i = 0
return AnyIterator {
let next = withUnsafePointer(to: &i) {
$0.withMemoryRebound(to: T.self, capacity: 1) { $0.pointee }
}
if next.hashValue != i { return nil }
i += 1
return next
}
}
}
extension Iteratable where Self: RawRepresentable, Self: Hashable {
static func hashValues() -> AnyIterator<Self> {
return iterateEnum(self)
}
static func rawValues() -> [Self.RawValue] {
return hashValues().map({$0.rawValue})
}
}
// Example
enum Grocery: String, Iteratable {
case Kroger = "kroger"
case HEB = "h.e.b."
case Randalls = "randalls"
}
let groceryHashes = Grocery.hashValues() // AnyIterator<Grocery>
let groceryRawValues = Grocery.rawValues() // ["kroger", "h.e.b.", "randalls"]
该解决方案在可读性和可维护性之间取得了适当的平衡。
struct Card {
// ...
static func deck() -> Card[] {
var deck = Card[]()
for rank in Rank.Ace.toRaw()...Rank.King.toRaw() {
for suit in [Suit.Spades, .Hearts, .Clubs, .Diamonds] {
let card = Card(rank: Rank.fromRaw(rank)!, suit: suit)
deck.append(card)
}
}
return deck
}
}
let deck = Card.deck()
我使用了下面的方法,假设我知道哪个是Rank enum中的最后一个值,所有的Rank在Ace之后都有增量值
我喜欢这种方式,因为它干净,小,容易理解
func cardDeck() -> Card[] {
var cards: Card[] = []
let minRank = Rank.Ace.toRaw()
let maxRank = Rank.King.toRaw()
for rank in minRank...maxRank {
if var convertedRank: Rank = Rank.fromRaw(rank) {
cards.append(Card(rank: convertedRank, suite: Suite.Clubs))
cards.append(Card(rank: convertedRank, suite: Suite.Diamonds))
cards.append(Card(rank: convertedRank, suite: Suite.Hearts))
cards.append(Card(rank: convertedRank, suite: Suite.Spades))
}
}
return cards
}
对不起,我的回答是具体到我如何在我需要做的事情中使用这篇文章。对于那些无意中遇到这个问题的人,寻找一种方法在枚举中找到一个case,这是一种方法(Swift 2新增):
编辑:小写驼峰现在是Swift 3 enum值的标准
// From apple docs: If the raw-value type is specified as String and you don’t assign values to the cases explicitly, each unassigned case is implicitly assigned a string with the same text as the name of that case.
enum Theme: String
{
case white, blue, green, lavender, grey
}
func loadTheme(theme: String)
{
// this checks the string against the raw value of each enum case (note that the check could result in a nil value, since it's an optional, which is why we introduce the if/let block
if let testTheme = Theme(rawValue: theme)
{
// testTheme is guaranteed to have an enum value at this point
self.someOtherFunction(testTheme)
}
}
对于那些对枚举感到疑惑的人来说,本页上给出的答案包括一个包含所有枚举值的数组的静态var/let是正确的。最新的苹果tvOS示例代码包含了完全相同的技术。
也就是说,他们应该在语言中构建一个更方便的机制(苹果,你在听吗?)
你可以试着像这样列举
enum Planet: String {
case Mercury
case Venus
case Earth
case Mars
static var enumerate: [Planet] {
var a: [Planet] = []
switch Planet.Mercury {
case .Mercury: a.append(.Mercury); fallthrough
case .Venus: a.append(.Venus); fallthrough
case .Earth: a.append(.Earth); fallthrough
case .Mars: a.append(.Mars)
}
return a
}
}
Planet.enumerate // [Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars]