PHP将所有数组都视为关联数组，因此没有任何内置函数。谁能推荐一种相当有效的方法来检查数组是否“是一个列表”(只包含从0开始的数字键)?
基本上，我希望能够区分这些:
$sequentialArray = [
'apple', 'orange', 'tomato', 'carrot'
];
这:
$assocArray = [
'fruit1' => 'apple',
'fruit2' => 'orange',
'veg1' => 'tomato',
'veg2' => 'carrot'
];
当前回答
这也会工作(演示):
function array_has_numeric_keys_only(array $array)
{
try {
SplFixedArray::fromArray($array, true);
} catch (InvalidArgumentException $e) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
请注意，这个答案的主要观点是告诉你SplFixedArray的存在，而不是鼓励你对这些类型的测试使用异常。
其他回答
我认为下面两个函数是最好的方法去检查'如果一个数组是结合或数字'。由于'numeric'可能只表示数字键或顺序数字键，下面列出了两个函数来检查这两种情况:
function is_indexed_array(&$arr) {
for (reset($arr); is_int(key($arr)); next($arr));
return is_null(key($arr));
}
function is_sequential_array(&$arr, $base = 0) {
for (reset($arr), $base = (int) $base; key($arr) === $base++; next($arr));
return is_null(key($arr));
}
The first function checks if each key is an integer value. The second function checks if each key is an integer value and in addition checks if all keys are sequential starting at $base, which defaults to 0 and thus can be omitted if you do not need to specify another base value. key($my_array) returns null if the read pointer is moved past the end of the array, which is what ends the for loop and makes the statement after the for loop return true if all keys were integer. If not, the loop ends prematurely because a key is of type string, and the statement after the for loop will return false. The latter function in addition adds one to $base after each compare, to be able to check if the next key is of the correct value. The strict compare makes it also check if the key is of type integer. The $base = (int) $base part in the first section of the for loop can be left out when $base is omitted or if you make sure it is only called using an integer. But since I can't be sure for everybody, I left it in. The statement is executed only once, anyway. I think these are the most efficient solutions:
Memory wise: No copying of data or key ranges. Doing an array_values or array_keys may seem shorter (less code) but keep in mind what goes on in the background once you make that call. Yes there are more (visible) statements than in some other solutions, but that is not what counts, is it? Time wise: Besides the fact that copying/extracting data and/or keys also takes time, this solution is more efficient than doing a foreach. Again a foreach may seem more efficient to some because it is shorter in notation, but in the background foreach also calls reset, key and next to do it's looping. But in addition it also calls valid to check the end condition, which is avoided here due to the combination with the integer check.
请记住，数组键只能是整数或字符串，严格的数字字符串，如“1”(但不是“01”)将被转换为整数。如果您希望数组是顺序的，这使得检查整数键成为除了计数之外唯一需要的操作。当然，如果is_indexed_array返回false，则可以将该数组视为关联数组。我说“见过”，因为事实上它们都是。
简单和性能友好的解决方案，只检查第一个键。
function isAssoc($arr = NULL)
{
if ($arr && is_array($arr))
{
foreach ($arr as $key => $val)
{
if (is_numeric($key)) { return true; }
break;
}
}
return false;
}
已经有很多答案了，下面是Laravel在Arr类中依赖的方法:
/**
* Determines if an array is associative.
*
* An array is "associative" if it doesn't have sequential numerical keys beginning with zero.
*
* @param array $array
* @return bool
*/
public static function isAssoc(array $array)
{
$keys = array_keys($array);
return array_keys($keys) !== $keys;
}
来源:https://github.com/laravel/framework/blob/5.4/src/Illuminate/Support/Arr.php
检查数组是否有所有的关联键。使用stdClass & get_object_vars ^):
$assocArray = array('fruit1' => 'apple',
'fruit2' => 'orange',
'veg1' => 'tomato',
'veg2' => 'carrot');
$assoc_object = (object) $assocArray;
$isAssoc = (count($assocArray) === count (get_object_vars($assoc_object)));
var_dump($isAssoc); // true
为什么?函数get_object_vars只返回可访问的属性(请参阅在将数组转换为对象期间发生的更多信息)。然后，只是逻辑上:如果基本数组元素的计数等于对象的可访问属性的计数-所有键都是关联的。
一些测试:
$assocArray = array('apple', 'orange', 'tomato', 'carrot');
$assoc_object = (object) $assocArray;
$isAssoc = (count($assocArray) === count (get_object_vars($assoc_object)));
var_dump($isAssoc); // false
//...
$assocArray = array( 0 => 'apple', 'orange', 'tomato', '4' => 'carrot');
$assoc_object = (object) $assocArray;
$isAssoc = (count($assocArray) === count (get_object_vars($assoc_object)));
var_dump($isAssoc); // false
//...
$assocArray = array('fruit1' => 'apple',
NULL => 'orange',
'veg1' => 'tomato',
'veg2' => 'carrot');
$assoc_object = (object) $assocArray;
$isAssoc = (count($assocArray) === count (get_object_vars($assoc_object)));
var_dump($isAssoc); //false
Etc.
如OP所述:
PHP将所有数组都视为关联数组
恕我直言，写一个函数来检查数组是否关联是不太明智的。首先，PHP数组中的键是什么?：
键可以是整数，也可以是字符串。
这意味着有三种可能的情况:
案例1。所有键都是数字/整数。 例2。所有键都是字符串。 例3。有些键是字符串，有些键是数字/整数。
我们可以用下面的函数检查每种情况。
情况1:所有键都是数字/整数。
注意:该函数对于空数组也返回true。
//! Check whether the input is an array whose keys are all integers.
/*!
\param[in] $InputArray (array) Input array.
\return (bool) \b true iff the input is an array whose keys are all integers.
*/
function IsArrayAllKeyInt($InputArray)
{
if(!is_array($InputArray))
{
return false;
}
if(count($InputArray) <= 0)
{
return true;
}
return array_unique(array_map("is_int", array_keys($InputArray))) === array(true);
}
情况2:所有键都是字符串。
注意:该函数对于空数组也返回true。
//! Check whether the input is an array whose keys are all strings.
/*!
\param[in] $InputArray (array) Input array.
\return (bool) \b true iff the input is an array whose keys are all strings.
*/
function IsArrayAllKeyString($InputArray)
{
if(!is_array($InputArray))
{
return false;
}
if(count($InputArray) <= 0)
{
return true;
}
return array_unique(array_map("is_string", array_keys($InputArray))) === array(true);
}
例3。有些键是字符串，有些键是数字/整数。
注意:该函数对于空数组也返回true。
//! Check whether the input is an array with at least one key being an integer and at least one key being a string.
/*!
\param[in] $InputArray (array) Input array.
\return (bool) \b true iff the input is an array with at least one key being an integer and at least one key being a string.
*/
function IsArraySomeKeyIntAndSomeKeyString($InputArray)
{
if(!is_array($InputArray))
{
return false;
}
if(count($InputArray) <= 0)
{
return true;
}
return count(array_unique(array_map("is_string", array_keys($InputArray)))) >= 2;
}
由此可见:
如果值不是数组，3个函数都返回false。 如果值为空数组，所有3个函数都返回true (根据定义，“空集合是任何集合a的子集，因为它的所有元素都属于a”)。 如果值是非空数组，则只有一个函数返回true。
现在，一个数组要成为我们都习惯的“真正的”数组，这意味着:
它的键都是数字/整数。 它的键是顺序的(即按步骤1递增)。 它的键从零开始。
我们可以用下面的函数来检查。
例3。键包括数字/整数、顺序和从零开始。
注意:该函数对于空数组也返回true。
//! Check whether the input is an array whose keys are numeric, sequential, and zero-based.
/*!
\param[in] $InputArray (array) Input array.
\return (bool) \b true iff the input is an array whose keys are numeric, sequential, and zero-based.
*/
function IsArrayKeyNumericSequentialZeroBased($InputArray)
{
if(!is_array($InputArray))
{
return false;
}
if(count($InputArray) <= 0)
{
return true;
}
return array_keys($InputArray) === range(0, count($InputArray) - 1);
}
注意事项/陷阱(或者，PHP中关于数组键的更奇怪的事实)
整数键
这些数组的键都是整数:
array(0 => "b");
array(13 => "b");
array(-13 => "b"); // Negative integers are also integers.
array(0x1A => "b"); // Hexadecimal notation.
字符串键
这些数组的键都是字符串:
array("fish and chips" => "b");
array("" => "b"); // An empty string is also a string.
array("stackoverflow_email@example.com" => "b"); // Strings may contain non-alphanumeric characters.
array("stack\t\"over\"\r\nflow's cool" => "b"); // Strings may contain special characters.
array('$tα€k↔øv∈rflöw⛄' => "b"); // Strings may contain all kinds of symbols.
array("functіon" => "b"); // You think this looks fine? Think again! (see https://stackoverflow.com/q/9246051/1402846)
array("ま말轉转ДŁ" => "b"); // How about Japanese/Korean/Chinese/Russian/Polish?
array("fi\x0sh" => "b"); // Strings may contain null characters.
array(file_get_contents("https://www.google.com/images/nav_logo114.png") => "b"); // Strings may even be binary!
看起来像字符串的整数键
如果你认为数组中的键("13" => "b")是一个字符串，那你就错了。医生说:
包含有效整数的字符串将被转换为整数类型。例如，键“8”实际上存储在8下面。另一方面，"08"不会被强制转换，因为它不是一个有效的十进制整数。
例如，这些数组的键都是整数:
array("13" => "b");
array("-13" => "b"); // Negative, ok.
但是这些数组的键都是字符串:
array("13." => "b");
array("+13" => "b"); // Positive, not ok.
array("-013" => "b");
array("0x1A" => "b"); // Not converted to integers even though it's a valid hexadecimal number.
array("013" => "b"); // Not converted to integers even though it's a valid octal number.
array("18446744073709551616" => "b"); // Not converted to integers as it can't fit into a 64-bit integer.
而且，据医生说，
整数的大小取决于平台，尽管通常的最大值约为20亿(有32位符号)。64位平台通常有大约9E18的最大值，除了Windows，它总是32位。PHP不支持无符号整数。
所以这个数组的键可能是整数，也可能不是整数——这取决于你的平台。
array("60000000000" => "b"); // Array key could be integer or string, it can fit into a 64-bit (but not 32-bit) integer.
更糟糕的是，如果整数接近231 = 2,147,483,648边界(参见bug 51430, bug 52899)， PHP就容易出现bug。例如，在我的本地环境(PHP 5.3.8 on XAMPP 1.7.7 on Windows 7)中，var_dump(array("2147483647" => "b")给出
array(1) {
[2147483647]=>
string(1) "b"
}
但是在codepad (PHP 5.2.5)上的这个现场演示中，相同的表达式给出
array(1) {
["2147483647"]=>
string(1) "b"
}
因此，密钥在一个环境中是整数，而在另一个环境中是字符串，即使2147483647是一个有效的有符号32位整数。
