在这里真正帮助我的是spiv的技巧(如果我有声望分数，我会投票并评论)，即从一个未准备好的Python进程中获得堆栈跟踪。除非我修改了gdbinit脚本，否则它无法工作。所以:

下载https://svn.python.org/projects/python/trunk/Misc/gdbinit并将其放在~/.gdbinit中 编辑它，将PyEval_EvalFrame更改为PyEval_EvalFrameEx [edit:不再需要;链接的文件在2010-01-14已经有此更改] 附加gdb: gdb -p PID 获取python堆栈跟踪:pystack

在Solaris上，你可以使用pstack(1)。不需要修改python代码。如。

# pstack 16000 | grep : | head
16000: /usr/bin/python2.6 /usr/lib/pkg.depotd --cfg svc:/application/pkg/serv
[ /usr/lib/python2.6/vendor-packages/cherrypy/process/wspbus.py:282 (_wait) ]
[ /usr/lib/python2.6/vendor-packages/cherrypy/process/wspbus.py:295 (wait) ]
[ /usr/lib/python2.6/vendor-packages/cherrypy/process/wspbus.py:242 (block) ]
[ /usr/lib/python2.6/vendor-packages/cherrypy/_init_.py:249 (quickstart) ]
[ /usr/lib/pkg.depotd:890 (<module>) ]
[ /usr/lib/python2.6/threading.py:256 (wait) ]
[ /usr/lib/python2.6/Queue.py:177 (get) ]
[ /usr/lib/python2.6/vendor-packages/pkg/server/depot.py:2142 (run) ]
[ /usr/lib/python2.6/threading.py:477 (run)
etc.

用优秀的间谍技术就能做到。它是Python程序的抽样分析器，因此它的工作是附加到Python进程并对其调用堆栈进行抽样。因此，py-spy dump——pid $SOME_PID是转储$SOME_PID进程中所有线程调用堆栈所需要做的全部工作。通常它需要升级的特权(读取目标进程的内存)。

下面是一个线程Python应用程序的示例。

$ sudo py-spy dump --pid 31080
Process 31080: python3.7 -m chronologer -e production serve -u www-data -m
Python v3.7.1 (/usr/local/bin/python3.7)

Thread 0x7FEF5E410400 (active): "MainThread"
    _wait (cherrypy/process/wspbus.py:370)
    wait (cherrypy/process/wspbus.py:384)
    block (cherrypy/process/wspbus.py:321)
    start (cherrypy/daemon.py:72)
    serve (chronologer/cli.py:27)
    main (chronologer/cli.py:84)
    <module> (chronologer/__main__.py:5)
    _run_code (runpy.py:85)
    _run_module_as_main (runpy.py:193)
Thread 0x7FEF55636700 (active): "_TimeoutMonitor"
    run (cherrypy/process/plugins.py:518)
    _bootstrap_inner (threading.py:917)
    _bootstrap (threading.py:885)
Thread 0x7FEF54B35700 (active): "HTTPServer Thread-2"
    accept (socket.py:212)
    tick (cherrypy/wsgiserver/__init__.py:2075)
    start (cherrypy/wsgiserver/__init__.py:2021)
    _start_http_thread (cherrypy/process/servers.py:217)
    run (threading.py:865)
    _bootstrap_inner (threading.py:917)
    _bootstrap (threading.py:885)
...
Thread 0x7FEF2BFFF700 (idle): "CP Server Thread-10"
    wait (threading.py:296)
    get (queue.py:170)
    run (cherrypy/wsgiserver/__init__.py:1586)
    _bootstrap_inner (threading.py:917)
    _bootstrap (threading.py:885)  

traceback模块有一些不错的函数，其中包括:

import traceback

traceback.print_stack()

我是GDB阵营的python扩展。关注https://wiki.python.org/moin/DebuggingWithGdb，这意味着

DNF install GDB python-debuginfo或sudo apt-get install GDB python2.7-dbg GDB python <运行进程>的pid py-bt

同时考虑info threads和thread apply all py-bt。

pyrasite可以在没有调试符号的情况下，在常规python中运行一个未准备好的python程序，从而获得该程序的堆栈跟踪。在Ubuntu Trusty上对我来说很有魅力:

$ sudo pip install pyrasite
$ echo 0 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope
$ sudo pyrasite 16262 dump_stacks.py # dumps stacks to stdout/stderr of the python program

(向@Albert致敬，在其他工具中，他的回答包含指向this的指针。)