如果你想在你的脚本中这样做，把这个放在那里:

parent=$$
( sleep 5 && kill -HUP $parent ) 2>/dev/null &

如果你想在你的脚本中这样做，把这个放在那里:

parent=$$
( sleep 5 && kill -HUP $parent ) 2>/dev/null &

有点俗气，但很管用。不工作，如果你有其他前台进程(请帮我修复这个!)

sleep TIMEOUT & SPID=${!}; (YOUR COMMAND HERE; kill ${SPID}) & CPID=${!}; fg 1; kill ${CPID}

实际上，我认为你可以反过来，满足你的“奖金”标准:

(YOUR COMMAND HERE & SPID=${!}; (sleep TIMEOUT; kill ${SPID}) & CPID=${!}; fg 1; kill ${CPID}) < asdf > fdsa

我提出了一个问题，以保留shell上下文和允许超时，唯一的问题是它将停止脚本执行超时-但这是我提出的需求很好:

#!/usr/bin/env bash

safe_kill()
{
  ps aux | grep -v grep | grep $1 >/dev/null && kill ${2:-} $1
}

my_timeout()
{
  typeset _my_timeout _waiter_pid _return
  _my_timeout=$1
  echo "Timeout($_my_timeout) running: $*"
  shift
  (
    trap "return 0" USR1
    sleep $_my_timeout
    echo "Timeout($_my_timeout) reached for: $*"
    safe_kill $$
  ) &
  _waiter_pid=$!
  "$@" || _return=$?
  safe_kill $_waiter_pid -USR1
  echo "Timeout($_my_timeout) ran: $*"
  return ${_return:-0}
}

my_timeout 3 cd scripts
my_timeout 3 pwd
my_timeout 3 true  && echo true || echo false
my_timeout 3 false && echo true || echo false
my_timeout 3 sleep 10
my_timeout 3 pwd

输出:

Timeout(3) running: 3 cd scripts
Timeout(3) ran: cd scripts
Timeout(3) running: 3 pwd
/home/mpapis/projects/rvm/rvm/scripts
Timeout(3) ran: pwd
Timeout(3) running: 3 true
Timeout(3) ran: true
true
Timeout(3) running: 3 false
Timeout(3) ran: false
false
Timeout(3) running: 3 sleep 10
Timeout(3) reached for: sleep 10
Terminated

当然，我认为有一个目录叫做脚本

我认为这正是你所要求的:

http://www.bashcookbook.com/bashinfo/source/bash-4.0/examples/scripts/timeout3

#!/bin/bash
#
# The Bash shell script executes a command with a time-out.
# Upon time-out expiration SIGTERM (15) is sent to the process. If the signal
# is blocked, then the subsequent SIGKILL (9) terminates it.
#
# Based on the Bash documentation example.

# Hello Chet,
# please find attached a "little easier"  :-)  to comprehend
# time-out example.  If you find it suitable, feel free to include
# anywhere: the very same logic as in the original examples/scripts, a
# little more transparent implementation to my taste.
#
# Dmitry V Golovashkin <Dmitry.Golovashkin@sas.com>

scriptName="${0##*/}"

declare -i DEFAULT_TIMEOUT=9
declare -i DEFAULT_INTERVAL=1
declare -i DEFAULT_DELAY=1

# Timeout.
declare -i timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
# Interval between checks if the process is still alive.
declare -i interval=DEFAULT_INTERVAL
# Delay between posting the SIGTERM signal and destroying the process by SIGKILL.
declare -i delay=DEFAULT_DELAY

function printUsage() {
    cat <<EOF

Synopsis
    $scriptName [-t timeout] [-i interval] [-d delay] command
    Execute a command with a time-out.
    Upon time-out expiration SIGTERM (15) is sent to the process. If SIGTERM
    signal is blocked, then the subsequent SIGKILL (9) terminates it.

    -t timeout
        Number of seconds to wait for command completion.
        Default value: $DEFAULT_TIMEOUT seconds.

    -i interval
        Interval between checks if the process is still alive.
        Positive integer, default value: $DEFAULT_INTERVAL seconds.

    -d delay
        Delay between posting the SIGTERM signal and destroying the
        process by SIGKILL. Default value: $DEFAULT_DELAY seconds.

As of today, Bash does not support floating point arithmetic (sleep does),
therefore all delay/time values must be integers.
EOF
}

# Options.
while getopts ":t:i:d:" option; do
    case "$option" in
        t) timeout=$OPTARG ;;
        i) interval=$OPTARG ;;
        d) delay=$OPTARG ;;
        *) printUsage; exit 1 ;;
    esac
done
shift $((OPTIND - 1))

# $# should be at least 1 (the command to execute), however it may be strictly
# greater than 1 if the command itself has options.
if (($# == 0 || interval <= 0)); then
    printUsage
    exit 1
fi

# kill -0 pid   Exit code indicates if a signal may be sent to $pid process.
(
    ((t = timeout))

    while ((t > 0)); do
        sleep $interval
        kill -0 $$ || exit 0
        ((t -= interval))
    done

    # Be nice, post SIGTERM first.
    # The 'exit 0' below will be executed if any preceeding command fails.
    kill -s SIGTERM $$ && kill -0 $$ || exit 0
    sleep $delay
    kill -s SIGKILL $$
) 2> /dev/null &

exec "$@"

我的问题可能有点不同:我在远程机器上通过ssh启动一个命令，如果命令挂起，我想杀死shell和子程序。

我现在使用以下方法:

ssh server '( sleep 60 && kill -9 0 ) 2>/dev/null & my_command; RC=$? ; sleep 1 ; pkill -P $! ; exit $RC'

这样，当有超时时，命令返回255，如果成功，则返回命令的returncode

请注意，从ssh会话中杀死进程的处理方式与交互式shell不同。但是您也可以使用-t选项为ssh分配一个伪终端，这样它就像一个交互式shell