不，这里没有析构函数。原因是所有Java对象都是堆分配和垃圾收集。没有显式的释放(即c++的delete操作符)，就没有实现真正析构函数的合理方法。

Java does support finalizers, but they are meant to be used only as a safeguard for objects holding a handle to native resources like sockets, file handles, window handles, etc. When the garbage collector collects an object without a finalizer it simply marks the memory region as free and that's it. When the object has a finalizer, it's first copied into a temporary location (remember, we're garbage collecting here), then it's enqueued into a waiting-to-be-finalized queue and then a Finalizer thread polls the queue with very low priority and runs the finalizer.

当应用程序退出时，JVM停止而不等待挂起的对象完成，因此实际上不能保证终结器将运行。

我完全同意其他答案，说不依赖执行的最后确定。

除了try-catch-finally块，还可以使用Runtime#addShutdownHook(在Java 1.3中引入)在程序中执行最后的清理。

这与析构函数不同，但是可以实现一个关机钩子，该钩子具有注册的侦听器对象，可以调用清理方法(关闭持久数据库连接、删除文件锁等)——这些事情通常在析构函数中完成。 同样，这不是析构函数的替代品，但在某些情况下，您可以使用它来实现所需的功能。

这样做的好处是使解构行为与程序的其余部分松散耦合。

在Java中，最接近析构函数的是finalize()方法。与传统析构函数的最大区别在于，您不能确定何时调用它，因为这是垃圾收集器的职责。我强烈建议在使用它之前仔细阅读它，因为用于文件句柄等的典型RAIA模式不能可靠地使用finalize()。

不,. lang。Object#finalize是最接近的。

但是，不保证何时(以及是否)调用它。 看到:java.lang.Runtime # runFinalizersOnExit(布尔)

finalize()函数是析构函数。

但是，通常不应该使用它，因为它是在GC之后调用的，并且您无法判断何时会发生(如果有的话)。

而且，释放具有finalize()的对象需要多个GC。

您应该尝试使用try{…清理代码中的逻辑位置。最后}{…}语句!

我同意大部分答案。

你不应该完全依赖finalize或ShutdownHook

完成

The JVM does not guarantee when this finalize() method will be invoked. finalize() gets called only once by GC thread. If an object revives itself from finalizing method, then finalize will not be called again. In your application, you may have some live objects, on which garbage collection is never invoked. Any Exception that is thrown by the finalizing method is ignored by the GC thread System.runFinalization(true) and Runtime.getRuntime().runFinalization(true) methods increase the probability of invoking finalize() method but now these two methods have been deprecated. These methods are very dangerous due to lack of thread safety and possible deadlock creation.

shutdownHooks

public void addShutdownHook(Thread hook)

注册一个新的虚拟机关闭钩子。

Java虚拟机在响应两种事件时关闭:

The program exits normally, when the last non-daemon thread exits or when the exit (equivalently, System.exit) method is invoked, or The virtual machine is terminated in response to a user interrupt, such as typing ^C, or a system-wide event, such as user logoff or system shutdown. A shutdown hook is simply an initialized but non-started thread. When the virtual machine begins its shutdown sequence it will start all registered shutdown hooks in some unspecified order and let them run concurrently. When all the hooks have finished it will then run all uninvoked finalizers if finalization-on-exit has been enabled. Finally, the virtual machine will halt. Note that daemon threads will continue to run during the shutdown sequence, as will non-daemon threads if the shutdown was initiated by invoking the exit method. Shutdown hooks should also finish their work quickly. When a program invokes exit the expectation is that the virtual machine will promptly shut down and exit. But even Oracle documentation quoted that

在极少数情况下，虚拟机可能会中止，即停止运行而不完全关闭

这发生在虚拟机从外部终止时，例如在Unix上使用SIGKILL信号或在Microsoft Windows上使用TerminateProcess调用。如果本机方法出错，虚拟机也可能中止，例如破坏内部数据结构或试图访问不存在的内存。如果虚拟机中止，则不能保证是否会运行任何shutdown钩子。

结论:合理使用try{} catch{} finally{}块，释放finally(}块中的关键资源。在finally{}块中释放资源时，捕获Exception和Throwable。