在这个回答中，我将描述定义DOM事件处理程序的三种方法。

element.addEventListener（）

代码示例:

const element = document.querySelector('a'); 元素。addEventListener('click'， event => event. preventdefault ()， true); <a href="//google.com">试着点击这个链接

addeventlistener()有多个优点:

Allows you to register unlimited events handlers and remove them with element.removeEventListener(). Has useCapture parameter, which indicates whether you'd like to handle event in its capturing or bubbling phase. See: Unable to understand useCapture attribute in addEventListener. Cares about semantics. Basically, it makes registering event handlers more explicit. For a beginner, a function call makes it obvious that something happens, whereas assigning event to some property of DOM element is at least not intuitive. Allows you to separate document structure (HTML) and logic (JavaScript). In tiny web applications it may not seem to matter, but it does matter with any bigger project. It's way much easier to maintain a project which separates structure and logic than a project which doesn't. Eliminates confusion with correct event names. Due to using inline event listeners or assigning event listeners to .onevent properties of DOM elements, lots of inexperienced JavaScript programmers thinks that the event name is for example onclick or onload. on is not a part of event name. Correct event names are click and load, and that's how event names are passed to .addEventListener(). Works in almost all browser. If you still have to support IE <= 8, you can use a polyfill from MDN.

元素。Onevent = function(){}(例如onclick, onload)

代码示例:

const element = document.querySelector('a'); 元素。onclick = event => event. preventdefault (); <a href="//google.com">试着点击这个链接

这是在DOM 0中注册事件处理程序的一种方法。现在不鼓励这样做，因为:

Allows you to register only one event handler. Also removing the assigned handler is not intuitive, because to remove event handler assigned using this method, you have to revert onevent property back to its initial state (i.e. null). Doesn't respond to errors appropriately. For example, if you by mistake assign a string to window.onload, for example: window.onload = "test";, it won't throw any errors. Your code wouldn't work and it would be really hard to find out why. .addEventListener() however, would throw error (at least in Firefox): TypeError: Argument 2 of EventTarget.addEventListener is not an object. Doesn't provide a way to choose if you want to handle event in its capturing or bubbling phase.

内联事件处理程序(onevent HTML属性)

代码示例:

<a href="//google.com" onclick="event.preventDefault();>试着点击这个链接

类似于element。Onevent，现在不鼓励了。除了那个元素的问题。Onevent有，它:

Is a potential security issue, because it makes XSS much more harmful. Nowadays websites should send proper Content-Security-Policy HTTP header to block inline scripts and allow external scripts only from trusted domains. See How does Content Security Policy work? Doesn't separate document structure and logic. If you generate your page with a server-side script, and for example you generate a hundred links, each with the same inline event handler, your code would be much longer than if the event handler was defined only once. That means the client would have to download more content, and in result your website would be slower.

另请参阅

EventTarget.addEventListener()文档(MDN) EventTarget.removeEventListener()文档(MDN) onclick vs addEventListener Dom-events标记wiki

一个细节还没有被注意到:现代桌面浏览器将不同的按钮按下视为AddEventListener的“单击”(默认为“单击”和“onclick”)。

在Chrome 42和IE11上，onclick和AddEventListener都单击左边的fire和中间的click。 在Firefox 38上，onclick只在左键点击时触发，但AddEventListener点击在左、中、右击时触发。

此外，当使用滚动游标时，中键点击行为在浏览器中非常不一致:

在Firefox上，中键单击事件总是会触发。 在Chrome浏览器上，如果中间点击打开或关闭滚动光标，它们不会触发。 在IE上，它们会在滚动光标关闭时触发，但不会在打开时触发。

同样值得注意的是，任何键盘可选择的HTML元素(如input)的“click”事件也会在元素被选中时触发空格或enter。

在我的Visual Studio代码中，addEventListener对事件有真实的智能感知

但onclick没有，只有假的

let element = document.queryselector('id or classname'); 
element.addeventlistiner('click',()=>{
  do work
})

<button onclick="click()">click</click>`
function click(){
  do work
};

onclick基本上是一个addEventListener，当元素被单击时，它专门执行一个函数。当你有一个做简单操作的按钮时，它很有用，比如计算器按钮。addEventlistener可以用于很多事情，比如在加载DOM或所有内容时执行一个操作，类似于window。Onload，但有更多的控制。

注意，实际上可以使用内联使用多个事件，或者至少可以使用onclick，用分号分隔每个函数，例如....

我不会写一个内联函数，因为你可能会有潜在的问题，这将是混乱的imo。只需使用它来调用脚本文件中已经完成的函数。

你用哪一个取决于你想要什么。addEventListener用于复杂操作，onclick用于简单操作。我见过一些项目没有为元素附加一个特定的事件监听器，而是实现了一个更全局的事件监听器，它将确定是否点击了按钮，并根据所按的按钮执行某些任务。在我看来，这可能会导致潜在的问题，尽管很小，可能，资源浪费，如果事件监听器必须处理每一个点击

一个元素对每种事件类型只能有一个事件处理程序，但可以有多个事件监听器。

那么，它的实际情况如何呢?

只有最后分配的事件处理程序才会运行:

const button = document.querySelector(".btn")
button.onclick = () => {
  console.log("Hello World");
};
button.onclick = () => {
  console.log("How are you?");
};
button.click() // "How are you?" 

所有事件监听器将被触发:

const button = document.querySelector(".btn")
button.addEventListener("click", event => {
  console.log("Hello World");
})
button.addEventListener("click", event => {
  console.log("How are you?");
})
button.click() 
// "Hello World"
// "How are you?"

IE注:attachEvent不再支持。从IE 11开始，使用addEventListener: docs。