在这个回答中，我将描述定义DOM事件处理程序的三种方法。

element.addEventListener（）

代码示例:

const element = document.querySelector('a'); 元素。addEventListener('click'， event => event. preventdefault ()， true); <a href="//google.com">试着点击这个链接

addeventlistener()有多个优点:

Allows you to register unlimited events handlers and remove them with element.removeEventListener(). Has useCapture parameter, which indicates whether you'd like to handle event in its capturing or bubbling phase. See: Unable to understand useCapture attribute in addEventListener. Cares about semantics. Basically, it makes registering event handlers more explicit. For a beginner, a function call makes it obvious that something happens, whereas assigning event to some property of DOM element is at least not intuitive. Allows you to separate document structure (HTML) and logic (JavaScript). In tiny web applications it may not seem to matter, but it does matter with any bigger project. It's way much easier to maintain a project which separates structure and logic than a project which doesn't. Eliminates confusion with correct event names. Due to using inline event listeners or assigning event listeners to .onevent properties of DOM elements, lots of inexperienced JavaScript programmers thinks that the event name is for example onclick or onload. on is not a part of event name. Correct event names are click and load, and that's how event names are passed to .addEventListener(). Works in almost all browser. If you still have to support IE <= 8, you can use a polyfill from MDN.

元素。Onevent = function(){}(例如onclick, onload)

代码示例:

const element = document.querySelector('a'); 元素。onclick = event => event. preventdefault (); <a href="//google.com">试着点击这个链接

这是在DOM 0中注册事件处理程序的一种方法。现在不鼓励这样做，因为:

Allows you to register only one event handler. Also removing the assigned handler is not intuitive, because to remove event handler assigned using this method, you have to revert onevent property back to its initial state (i.e. null). Doesn't respond to errors appropriately. For example, if you by mistake assign a string to window.onload, for example: window.onload = "test";, it won't throw any errors. Your code wouldn't work and it would be really hard to find out why. .addEventListener() however, would throw error (at least in Firefox): TypeError: Argument 2 of EventTarget.addEventListener is not an object. Doesn't provide a way to choose if you want to handle event in its capturing or bubbling phase.

内联事件处理程序(onevent HTML属性)

代码示例:

<a href="//google.com" onclick="event.preventDefault();>试着点击这个链接

类似于element。Onevent，现在不鼓励了。除了那个元素的问题。Onevent有，它:

Is a potential security issue, because it makes XSS much more harmful. Nowadays websites should send proper Content-Security-Policy HTTP header to block inline scripts and allow external scripts only from trusted domains. See How does Content Security Policy work? Doesn't separate document structure and logic. If you generate your page with a server-side script, and for example you generate a hundred links, each with the same inline event handler, your code would be much longer than if the event handler was defined only once. That means the client would have to download more content, and in result your website would be slower.

另请参阅

EventTarget.addEventListener()文档(MDN) EventTarget.removeEventListener()文档(MDN) onclick vs addEventListener Dom-events标记wiki

虽然onclick可以在所有浏览器中工作，但addEventListener不能在旧版本的Internet Explorer中工作，后者使用attachEvent代替。

onclick的缺点是只能有一个事件处理程序，而其他两个将触发所有注册的回调。

你也应该考虑eventdelegate ! 因此，我更喜欢addEventListener，最重要的是小心谨慎地使用它!

事实:

eventlistener是沉重的....(客户端内存分配) 事件在与DOM的关系中传播IN，然后再次传播OUT 树。也被称为涓滴式和冒泡式，读一读 以防你不知道。

想象一个简单的例子: 一个简单的按钮内部div内部主体… 如果你点击按钮，一个事件将无论如何 滴入到BUTTON，然后再OUT，像这样:

window-document-div-button-div-document-window

在浏览器后台(比如JS引擎的软件外围)，浏览器只能对点击做出反应，如果它检查了每一次点击的目标位置。

为了确保每个可能的事件监听器都被触发，它必须从文档级别一直发送“点击事件信号”到元素中。然后再回来。 这个行为可以通过附加eventlistener来使用，例如:

document.getElementById("exampleID").addEventListener("click",(event) => {doThis}, true/false);

请注意，作为addEventListener方法最后一个参数的true/false控制了何时识别事件的行为——何时流入或何时流出。

TRUE表示事件在传入时被识别 FALSE表示事件在冒泡输出的过程中被识别

实现以下2个有用的概念，使用上述方法处理问题也会更加直观:

You can also use event.stopPropagation() within the function (example ref. "doThis") to prevents further propagation of the current event in the capturing and bubbling phases. It does not, however, prevent any default behaviors from occurring; for instance, clicks on links are still processed. If you want to stop those behaviors, you could use event.preventDefault() within the function (example ref. "doThis"). With that you could for example tell the Browser that if the event does not get explicitly handled, its default action should not be taken as it normally would be.

还需要再次注意这里的参考:addEventListener方法的最后一个参数(true/false)也控制了“. stoppropagation()”的最终效果在哪个阶段生效(涓滴为true或冒头为false)。 所以…如果你将一个带有TRUE标志的EventListener应用到一个元素，并将其与.stopPropagation()方法结合起来，事件甚至不会通过元素的潜在内部子元素

总结一下: 如果你在HTML中使用onClick变体…对我来说有两个缺点:

与addEventListener，你可以附加多个onClick事件到相同的，分别是一个单一的元素，但这是不可能使用onClick(至少这是我坚信到目前为止，如果我错了，请纠正我)。 以下方面也确实值得注意……特别是代码维护部分(到目前为止还没有详细说明):

In regards to event delegation, it really boils down to this. If some other JavaScript code needs to respond to a click event, using addEventListener ensures you both can respond to it. If you both try using onclick, then one stomps on the other. You both can't respond if you want an onclick on the same element. Furthermore, you want to keep your behavior as separate as you can from the HTML in case you need to change it later. It would suck to have 50 HTML files to update instead of one JavaScript file. (credit to Greg Burghardt, addEventListener vs onclick with regards to event delegation )

这也被称为“Unobtrusive JavaScript”…读一读吧!

我想Chris Baker在一个很好的答案中总结了它，但我想添加到addEventListener()中，你也可以使用options参数，它可以让你更好地控制你的事件。例如，如果你只想运行你的事件一次，那么你可以在添加事件时使用{once: true}作为一个选项参数，只调用它一次。

    function greet() {
    console.log("Hello");
    }   
    document.querySelector("button").addEventListener('click', greet, { once: true })

上面的函数只打印“Hello”一次。 此外，如果你想清理你的事件，那么还有removeEventListener()选项。虽然使用addEventListener()有优点，但如果您的目标受众使用Internet Explorer，则此方法可能并不适用于所有情况，您仍然应该小心。你也可以在MDN上读到addEventListener，他们对如何使用它们给出了很好的解释。

也可以通过对侦听器进行原型化(如果我们有对它的引用，而且它不是匿名函数)来扩展侦听器，或者使onclick调用成为对函数库的调用(函数调用其他函数)。

如:

elm.onclick = myFunctionList;
function myFunctionList(){
    myFunc1();
    myFunc2();
}

这意味着我们永远不需要改变onclick调用，只需要改变myFunctionList()函数来做任何我们想做的事情，但这让我们无法控制冒泡/捕获阶段，所以应该避免在新浏览器中使用。

在我的Visual Studio代码中，addEventListener对事件有真实的智能感知

但onclick没有，只有假的