您可以使用存储过程sp_columns，它将返回与给定表的所有列相关的信息。更多信息可以在这里找到http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms176077.aspx

也可以通过SQL查询来实现。一些类似这样的东西应该会有帮助:

SELECT * FROM sys.columns WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID('dbo.yourTableName') 

或者一种变体是:

SELECT   o.Name, c.Name
FROM     sys.columns c 
         JOIN sys.objects o ON o.object_id = c.object_id 
WHERE    o.type = 'U' 
ORDER BY o.Name, c.Name

这将从所有表中获取所有列，按表名和列名排序。

这个SO问题缺少以下方法:

-- List down all columns of table 'Logging'
select * from sys.all_columns where object_id = OBJECT_ID('Logging')

另一个更直观的选择是:

SELECT [name] 
FROM sys.columns 
WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID('[yourSchemaType].[yourTableName]') 

这将在一个列中提供所有列名。 如果您关心其他元数据，可以将SELECT语句编辑为SELECT *。

在SQL Server 2008中可以使用sp_help。

sp_help <table_name>;

以上命令的键盘快捷键:选择表名(即突出显示它)并按ALT+F1。

它将检查给定的表是否是Base table。

SELECT 
    T.TABLE_NAME AS 'TABLE NAME',
    C.COLUMN_NAME AS 'COLUMN NAME'
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES T
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS C ON T.TABLE_NAME=C.TABLE_NAME
    WHERE   T.TABLE_TYPE='BASE TABLE'
            AND T.TABLE_NAME LIKE 'Your Table Name'

--This is another variation used to document a large database for conversion (Edited to --remove static columns)

SELECT o.Name                   as Table_Name
     , c.Name                   as Field_Name
     , t.Name                   as Data_Type
     , t.length                 as Length_Size
     , t.prec                   as Precision_
FROM syscolumns c 
     INNER JOIN sysobjects o ON o.id = c.id
     LEFT JOIN  systypes t on t.xtype = c.xtype  
WHERE o.type = 'U' 
ORDER BY o.Name, c.Name

--In the left join, c.type is replaced by c.xtype to get varchar types