我想知道有没有更干净的方法。基本上,我想从一个可变长度的数组中随机选择一个元素。通常,我会这样做:

myArray = ["stuff", "widget", "ruby", "goodies", "java", "emerald", "etc" ]
item = myArray[rand(myarray.length)]

是否有更易于阅读/更简单的内容来取代第二行?还是说这是最好的方法。我想你可以用myarray。shuffle。首先,但我只看到#shuffle几分钟前在SO,我实际上还没有使用它。


当前回答

class String

  def black
    return "\e[30m#{self}\e[0m"
  end

  def red
    return "\e[31m#{self}\e[0m"
  end

  def light_green
    return "\e[32m#{self}\e[0m"
  end

  def purple
    return "\e[35m#{self}\e[0m"
  end

  def blue_dark
    return "\e[34m#{self}\e[0m"
  end

  def blue_light
    return "\e[36m#{self}\e[0m"
  end

  def white
    return "\e[37m#{self}\e[0m"
  end


  def randColor
    array_color = [
      "\e[30m#{self}\e[0m",
      "\e[31m#{self}\e[0m",
      "\e[32m#{self}\e[0m",
      "\e[35m#{self}\e[0m",
      "\e[34m#{self}\e[0m",
      "\e[36m#{self}\e[0m",
      "\e[37m#{self}\e[0m" ]

      return array_color[rand(0..array_color.size)]
  end


end
puts "black".black
puts "red".red
puts "light_green".light_green
puts "purple".purple
puts "dark blue".blue_dark
puts "light blue".blue_light
puts "white".white
puts "random color".randColor

其他回答

只需使用array# sample:

[:foo, :bar].sample # => :foo, or :bar :-)

它在Ruby 1.9.1+中可用。为了能够在Ruby的早期版本中使用它,你可以要求“backports/1.9.1/array/sample”。

注意,在Ruby 1.8.7中,它存在于不幸的名称选择下;它在后来的版本中被重命名了,所以你不应该使用它。

虽然在本例中没有用,但sample接受一个number参数,以防需要多个不同的样本。

myArray.sample

将返回1个随机值。

myArray.shuffle.first

也将返回1个随机值。

class String

  def black
    return "\e[30m#{self}\e[0m"
  end

  def red
    return "\e[31m#{self}\e[0m"
  end

  def light_green
    return "\e[32m#{self}\e[0m"
  end

  def purple
    return "\e[35m#{self}\e[0m"
  end

  def blue_dark
    return "\e[34m#{self}\e[0m"
  end

  def blue_light
    return "\e[36m#{self}\e[0m"
  end

  def white
    return "\e[37m#{self}\e[0m"
  end


  def randColor
    array_color = [
      "\e[30m#{self}\e[0m",
      "\e[31m#{self}\e[0m",
      "\e[32m#{self}\e[0m",
      "\e[35m#{self}\e[0m",
      "\e[34m#{self}\e[0m",
      "\e[36m#{self}\e[0m",
      "\e[37m#{self}\e[0m" ]

      return array_color[rand(0..array_color.size)]
  end


end
puts "black".black
puts "red".red
puts "light_green".light_green
puts "purple".purple
puts "dark blue".blue_dark
puts "light blue".blue_light
puts "white".white
puts "random color".randColor

数组中随机项的随机数

def random_items(array)
  array.sample(1 + rand(array.count))
end

可能的结果示例:

my_array = ["one", "two", "three"]
my_array.sample(1 + rand(my_array.count))

=> ["two", "three"]
=> ["one", "three", "two"]
=> ["two"]

以下是我在这里发布的一些答案上进行的一些基准测试,使用样本的速度始终比其他的快。

test_arr = ["stuff", "widget", "ruby", "goodies", "java", "emerald" ]

Benchmark.ips do |x|
  x.report("1 - sample") { test_arr.sample }
  x.report("2 - shuffle") { test_arr.shuffle.first }
  x.report("3 - length") { rand(test_arr.length) }
  x.report("4 - rand rand") { test_arr.sample(1 + rand(test_arr.count)) }
  x.report("5 - rand el") { test_arr[rand(test_arr.count)]}
  x.report("6 - switch") { 
    case rand(0..test_arr.length)      
    when 0
      test_arr[0]
    when 1
      test_arr[1]
    when 2
      test_arr[2]
    when 3
      test_arr[3]
    when 4
      test_arr[4]
    when 5
      test_arr[5]
    end 
  }  

  x.compare!

测试在MacBook Pro(15英寸,2018年)上运行,2.6 GHz 6核英特尔酷睿i7, 32 GB 2400 MHz DDR4

Warming up --------------------------------------
          1 - sample   713.455k i/100ms
         2 - shuffle   253.848k i/100ms
          3 - length   489.078k i/100ms
       4 - rand rand   236.396k i/100ms
         5 - rand el   447.244k i/100ms
          6 - switch   419.272k i/100ms
Calculating -------------------------------------
          1 - sample      7.505M (± 3.2%) i/s -     37.813M in   5.044078s
         2 - shuffle      2.661M (± 2.1%) i/s -     13.454M in   5.057659s
          3 - length      5.021M (± 1.6%) i/s -     25.432M in   5.066159s
       4 - rand rand      2.352M (± 2.4%) i/s -     11.820M in   5.029415s
         5 - rand el      4.452M (± 2.2%) i/s -     22.362M in   5.025623s
          6 - switch      4.324M (± 1.1%) i/s -     21.802M in   5.043294s

Comparison:
          1 - sample:  7504636.7 i/s
          3 - length:  5021326.6 i/s - 1.49x  (± 0.00) slower
         5 - rand el:  4452078.6 i/s - 1.69x  (± 0.00) slower
          6 - switch:  4323511.6 i/s - 1.74x  (± 0.00) slower
         2 - shuffle:  2661267.7 i/s - 2.82x  (± 0.00) slower
       4 - rand rand:  2351630.7 i/s - 3.19x  (± 0.00) slower