jodonnell提出的解决方案很好，但应该稍加改进。我用这篇文章成功地开发了我的应用程序。

分配当前线程

首先我们要加上

Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(classLoader);

否则你将无法加载资源(如spring/context.xml)存储到jar。

不包括

你的罐子放入父类装入器中，否则你将无法理解谁装入了什么。

请参见使用URLClassLoader重新加载jar的问题

然而，OSGi框架仍然是最好的方法。

下面是一个未弃用的版本。我修改了原始版本，删除了不推荐使用的功能。

/**************************************************************************************************
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/*
 * Created on Oct 6, 2004
 */
package tools;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;

/**
 * Useful class for dynamically changing the classpath, adding classes during runtime. 
 */
public class ClasspathHacker {
    /**
     * Parameters of the method to add an URL to the System classes. 
     */
    private static final Class<?>[] parameters = new Class[]{URL.class};

    /**
     * Adds a file to the classpath.
     * @param s a String pointing to the file
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void addFile(String s) throws IOException {
        File f = new File(s);
        addFile(f);
    }

    /**
     * Adds a file to the classpath
     * @param f the file to be added
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void addFile(File f) throws IOException {
        addURL(f.toURI().toURL());
    }

    /**
     * Adds the content pointed by the URL to the classpath.
     * @param u the URL pointing to the content to be added
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void addURL(URL u) throws IOException {
        URLClassLoader sysloader = (URLClassLoader)ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
        Class<?> sysclass = URLClassLoader.class;
        try {
            Method method = sysclass.getDeclaredMethod("addURL",parameters);
            method.setAccessible(true);
            method.invoke(sysloader,new Object[]{ u }); 
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            t.printStackTrace();
            throw new IOException("Error, could not add URL to system classloader");
        }        
    }

    public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException, SecurityException, ClassNotFoundException, IllegalArgumentException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException{
        addFile("C:\\dynamicloading.jar");
        Constructor<?> cs = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().loadClass("test.DymamicLoadingTest").getConstructor(String.class);
        DymamicLoadingTest instance = (DymamicLoadingTest)cs.newInstance();
        instance.test();
    }
}

下面是Allain的方法的一个快速变通方法，使其与新版本的Java兼容:

ClassLoader classLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
try {
    Method method = classLoader.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("addURL", URL.class);
    method.setAccessible(true);
    method.invoke(classLoader, new File(jarPath).toURI().toURL());
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
    Method method = classLoader.getClass()
            .getDeclaredMethod("appendToClassPathForInstrumentation", String.class);
    method.setAccessible(true);
    method.invoke(classLoader, jarPath);
}

请注意，它依赖于特定JVM内部实现的知识，因此它不是理想的，也不是通用的解决方案。但是，如果您知道您将使用标准的OpenJDK或Oracle JVM，这是一种快速而简单的解决方法。在将来发布新的JVM版本时，它也可能会崩溃，所以您需要记住这一点。

如果你在Android上工作，下面的代码可以工作:

String jarFile = "path/to/jarfile.jar";
DexClassLoader classLoader = new DexClassLoader(jarFile, "/data/data/" + context.getPackageName() + "/", null, getClass().getClassLoader());
Class<?> myClass = classLoader.loadClass("MyClass");

我知道我来晚了，但我一直在使用pf4j，这是一个插件框架，它工作得非常好。

PF4J是一个微框架，其目标是保持核心简单但可扩展。

一个插件使用的例子:

在你的应用/插件中使用ExtensionPoint接口标记定义一个扩展点:

public interface Greeting extends ExtensionPoint {

    String getGreeting();

}

使用@Extension注释创建一个扩展:

@Extension
public class WelcomeGreeting implements Greeting {

    public String getGreeting() {
        return "Welcome";
    }

}

然后你可以加载和卸载插件，如你所愿:

public static void main(String[] args) {

    // create the plugin manager
    PluginManager pluginManager = new JarPluginManager(); // or "new ZipPluginManager() / new DefaultPluginManager()"

    // start and load all plugins of application
    pluginManager.loadPlugins();
    pluginManager.startPlugins();

    // retrieve all extensions for "Greeting" extension point
    List<Greeting> greetings = pluginManager.getExtensions(Greeting.class);
    for (Greeting greeting : greetings) {
        System.out.println(">>> " + greeting.getGreeting());
    }

    // stop and unload all plugins
    pluginManager.stopPlugins();
    pluginManager.unloadPlugins();

}

欲了解更多细节，请参阅文档

JCL类装入器框架怎么样?我必须承认，我还没有用过，但它看起来很有前途。

使用的例子:

JarClassLoader jcl = new JarClassLoader();
jcl.add("myjar.jar"); // Load jar file  
jcl.add(new URL("http://myserver.com/myjar.jar")); // Load jar from a URL
jcl.add(new FileInputStream("myotherjar.jar")); // Load jar file from stream
jcl.add("myclassfolder/"); // Load class folder  
jcl.add("myjarlib/"); // Recursively load all jar files in the folder/sub-folder(s)

JclObjectFactory factory = JclObjectFactory.getInstance();
// Create object of loaded class  
Object obj = factory.create(jcl, "mypackage.MyClass");