另一个来自Allain的黑客解决方案版本，也适用于JDK 11:

File file = ...
URL url = file.toURI().toURL();
URLClassLoader sysLoader = new URLClassLoader(new URL[0]);

Method sysMethod = URLClassLoader.class.getDeclaredMethod("addURL", new Class[]{URL.class});
sysMethod.setAccessible(true);
sysMethod.invoke(sysLoader, new Object[]{url});

在JDK 11上，它给出了一些弃用警告，但对于那些在JDK 11上使用Allain解决方案的人来说，它只是一个临时解决方案。

下面是一个未弃用的版本。我修改了原始版本，删除了不推荐使用的功能。

/**************************************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 2004, Federal University of So Carlos                                           *
 *                                                                                                *
 * All rights reserved.                                                                           *
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 *       conditions and the following disclaimer.                                                 *
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 *     * conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials      *
 *     * provided with the distribution.                                                          *
 *     * Neither the name of the Federal University of So Carlos nor the names of its            *
 *     * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software       *
 *     * without specific prior written permission.                                               *
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 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS                            *
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT                              *
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR                          *
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/*
 * Created on Oct 6, 2004
 */
package tools;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;

/**
 * Useful class for dynamically changing the classpath, adding classes during runtime. 
 */
public class ClasspathHacker {
    /**
     * Parameters of the method to add an URL to the System classes. 
     */
    private static final Class<?>[] parameters = new Class[]{URL.class};

    /**
     * Adds a file to the classpath.
     * @param s a String pointing to the file
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void addFile(String s) throws IOException {
        File f = new File(s);
        addFile(f);
    }

    /**
     * Adds a file to the classpath
     * @param f the file to be added
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void addFile(File f) throws IOException {
        addURL(f.toURI().toURL());
    }

    /**
     * Adds the content pointed by the URL to the classpath.
     * @param u the URL pointing to the content to be added
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void addURL(URL u) throws IOException {
        URLClassLoader sysloader = (URLClassLoader)ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
        Class<?> sysclass = URLClassLoader.class;
        try {
            Method method = sysclass.getDeclaredMethod("addURL",parameters);
            method.setAccessible(true);
            method.invoke(sysloader,new Object[]{ u }); 
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            t.printStackTrace();
            throw new IOException("Error, could not add URL to system classloader");
        }        
    }

    public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException, SecurityException, ClassNotFoundException, IllegalArgumentException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException{
        addFile("C:\\dynamicloading.jar");
        Constructor<?> cs = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().loadClass("test.DymamicLoadingTest").getConstructor(String.class);
        DymamicLoadingTest instance = (DymamicLoadingTest)cs.newInstance();
        instance.test();
    }
}

对于jar文件的动态上传，您可以使用我对URLClassLoader的修改。这种修改对于在应用程序操作期间更改jar文件没有问题，就像标准的URLClassloader一样。所有加载的jar文件都加载到RAM中，因此独立于原始文件。

内存中的jar和JDBC类装入器

请看看我开始的这个项目:proxy-object lib

这个库将从文件系统或任何其他位置加载jar。它将为jar专用一个类装入器，以确保没有库冲突。用户将能够从加载的jar中创建任何对象，并在其上调用任何方法。 这个库被设计用来从支持Java 7的代码库中加载用Java 8编译的jar。

创建一个对象:

    File libDir = new File("path/to/jar");

    ProxyCallerInterface caller = ObjectBuilder.builder()
            .setClassName("net.proxy.lib.test.LibClass")
            .setArtifact(DirArtifact.builder()
                    .withClazz(ObjectBuilderTest.class)
                    .withVersionInfo(newVersionInfo(libDir))
                    .build())
            .build();
    String version = caller.call("getLibVersion").asString();

ObjectBuilder支持工厂方法、调用静态函数和回调接口实现。 我将在自述页面上发布更多的例子。

下面的解决方案有点笨拙，因为它使用反射来绕过封装，但它工作得完美无缺:

File file = ...
URL url = file.toURI().toURL();

URLClassLoader classLoader = (URLClassLoader)ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
Method method = URLClassLoader.class.getDeclaredMethod("addURL", URL.class);
method.setAccessible(true);
method.invoke(classLoader, url);

你应该看一看OSGi，比如在Eclipse平台中实现的。它就是这么做的。您可以安装、卸载、启动和停止所谓的包，这些包实际上是JAR文件。但是它做的更多，例如，它提供了可以在运行时在JAR文件中动态发现的服务。

或参阅Java模块系统的规范。