架构: 结构设计是在更高的抽象层次上进行的工作，它将技术上重要的需求实现到系统中。该体系结构为进一步的设计奠定了基础。

设计: 通过在每个抽象层的迭代过程来填充架构所没有的内容的艺术。

当您需要将较高体系结构级别识别的业务和功能投射到应用程序中时，软件体系结构最好用于系统级。

例如，你的业务是关于交易员的“盈亏”，你的主要功能涉及“投资组合评估”和“风险计算”。

但是当软件架构师详细描述他的解决方案时，他会意识到:

“投资组合评估”不能只是一个应用程序。它需要在可管理的项目中进行细化，例如:

GUI 发射器 调度程序 .．.

(因为涉及的操作太大了，需要在几台计算机之间进行拆分，同时仍然可以通过一个通用的GUI随时监控)

软件设计将检查不同的应用程序，它们的技术关系和内部子组件。 它将产生最后一个体系结构层(“技术体系结构”)工作所需的规范(根据技术框架或横向组件)，以及项目团队(更面向业务功能的实现)开始各自的项目所需的规范。

建筑是战略的，而设计是战术的。

架构包括框架、工具、编程范例、基于组件的软件工程标准和高级原则。

而设计是一种与局部约束有关的活动，例如设计模式、编程习惯用语和重构。

我认为当我们讨论设计与架构时，我们应该使用下面的规则来确定:如果您创建的软件图的元素可以一一映射到编程语言的语法结构，那么就是设计，如果不是架构。

So, for example, if you are seeing a class diagram or a sequence diagram, you are able to map a class and their relationships to an Object Oriented Programming language using the Class syntactical construction. This is clearly Design. In addition, this might bring to the table that this discussion has a relation with the programming language you will use to implement a software system. If you use Java, the previous example applies, as Java is an Object Oriented Programming Language. If you come up with a diagram that shows packages and its dependencies, that is Design too. You can map the element (a package in this case) to a Java syntactical construction.

Now, suppose your Java application is divided in modules, and each module is a set of packages (represented as a jar file deployment unit), and you are presented with a diagram containing modules and its dependencies, then, that is Architecture. There isn’t a way in Java (at least not until Java 7) to map a module (a set of packages) to a syntactical construction. You might also notice that this diagram represents a step higher in the level of abstraction of your software model. Any diagram above (coarse grained than) a package diagram, represents an Architectural view when developing in the Java programming language. On the other hand, if you are developing in Modula-2, then, a module diagram represents a Design.

(摘自http://www.copypasteisforword.com/notes/software-architecture-vs-software-design)

Good question... Although the line between them is hardly a bright sharp line, imho, if you are using both terms, then Architecture encompasses more technical or structural decisions about how to build or construct something, especially those decisions that will be hard (or harder) to change once implemeneted, whereas Design encompasses those decisions that either are easy to change later (like method names, class <-> file organizational structure, design patterns, whether to use a singleton or a static class to solve some specific problem, etc. ) and/or those that effect the appearance or esthetic aspects of a system or application (Human Interface, ease of use, look and feel, etc.)

以下是可能更详细地解释体系结构的参考资料和软件体系结构的UML图列表。(我找不到用于软件设计的UML图列表)

Grady Booch

在架构模型中使用UML 2图

UML图的分类

UML图的分类

即使在发布了这个答案之后，我自己也不清楚哪个图是用于架构的，哪个图是用于设计的:)。Grady Booch在他的第58张幻灯片中指出，类、接口和协作是设计视图的一部分，而这个设计视图是架构视图的一部分!!