有人能解释一下软件设计和软件架构的区别吗?
更具体地说;如果你让别人给你展示“设计”——你希望他们展示什么?“建筑”也是如此。
我目前的理解是:
设计:系统特定模块/部分的UML图/流程图/简单线框(用于UI) 架构:组件图(显示系统的不同模块如何相互通信以及如何与其他系统通信)，要使用什么语言，模式……?
如果我说错了，请指正。我提到了维基百科在http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_design和http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_architecture上有文章，但我不确定我是否理解正确。
当前回答
我认为架构是关于人类和/或系统的接口。例如，web服务契约(包括协议等)就是体系结构。一个屏幕是如何组成的，不是颜色之类的，而是有什么领域，这就是架构。
设计就是如何建造某样东西。什么框架、语言、技术等等。当然，这必须与考虑平台、安全性等的企业指导方针和限制相一致。
其他回答
非常主观，但我的观点是:
体系结构 系统的总体设计，包括与其他系统的交互、硬件要求、整体组件设计和数据流。
设计 整个系统中一个组件的组织和流程。这还包括该组件用于与其他组件交互的API。
体系结构确定了系统的基本组件，描述了它们的组织，以及它们与创建系统框架的关系。
设计描述了各种组件，以及应该如何在系统架构提供的框架中开发它们以提供所需的功能。
建筑与设计密切相关;它们之间的主要区别在于我们面对的方向。 建筑面向战略、结构和目的，面向抽象。 设计面向实现与实践，面向具体。
Good question... Although the line between them is hardly a bright sharp line, imho, if you are using both terms, then Architecture encompasses more technical or structural decisions about how to build or construct something, especially those decisions that will be hard (or harder) to change once implemeneted, whereas Design encompasses those decisions that either are easy to change later (like method names, class <-> file organizational structure, design patterns, whether to use a singleton or a static class to solve some specific problem, etc. ) and/or those that effect the appearance or esthetic aspects of a system or application (Human Interface, ease of use, look and feel, etc.)
我认为当我们讨论设计与架构时，我们应该使用下面的规则来确定:如果您创建的软件图的元素可以一一映射到编程语言的语法结构，那么就是设计，如果不是架构。
So, for example, if you are seeing a class diagram or a sequence diagram, you are able to map a class and their relationships to an Object Oriented Programming language using the Class syntactical construction. This is clearly Design. In addition, this might bring to the table that this discussion has a relation with the programming language you will use to implement a software system. If you use Java, the previous example applies, as Java is an Object Oriented Programming Language. If you come up with a diagram that shows packages and its dependencies, that is Design too. You can map the element (a package in this case) to a Java syntactical construction.
Now, suppose your Java application is divided in modules, and each module is a set of packages (represented as a jar file deployment unit), and you are presented with a diagram containing modules and its dependencies, then, that is Architecture. There isn’t a way in Java (at least not until Java 7) to map a module (a set of packages) to a syntactical construction. You might also notice that this diagram represents a step higher in the level of abstraction of your software model. Any diagram above (coarse grained than) a package diagram, represents an Architectural view when developing in the Java programming language. On the other hand, if you are developing in Modula-2, then, a module diagram represents a Design.
(摘自http://www.copypasteisforword.com/notes/software-architecture-vs-software-design)
