cesanta的猫鼬库似乎也支持这一点:https://github.com/cesanta/mongoose/blob/6.17/examples/http_client/http_client.c

下面是一些(相对)简单的c++ 11代码，使用libCURL将URL的内容下载到std::vector<char>:

http_download.hh

# pragma once

#include <string>
#include <vector>

std::vector<char> download(std::string url, long* responseCode = nullptr);

http_download.cc

#include "http_download.hh"

#include <curl/curl.h>
#include <sstream>
#include <stdexcept>

using namespace std;

size_t callback(void* contents, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void* user)
{
  auto chunk = reinterpret_cast<char*>(contents);
  auto buffer = reinterpret_cast<vector<char>*>(user);

  size_t priorSize = buffer->size();
  size_t sizeIncrease = size * nmemb;

  buffer->resize(priorSize + sizeIncrease);
  std::copy(chunk, chunk + sizeIncrease, buffer->data() + priorSize);

  return sizeIncrease;
}

vector<char> download(string url, long* responseCode)
{
  vector<char> data;

  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
  CURL* handle = curl_easy_init();
  curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_URL, url.c_str());
  curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, callback);
  curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &data);
  curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, "libcurl-agent/1.0");
  CURLcode result = curl_easy_perform(handle);
  if (responseCode != nullptr)
    curl_easy_getinfo(handle, CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE, responseCode);
  curl_easy_cleanup(handle);
  curl_global_cleanup();

  if (result != CURLE_OK)
  {
    stringstream err;
    err << "Error downloading from URL \"" << url << "\": " << curl_easy_strerror(result);
    throw runtime_error(err.str());
  }

  return data;
}

C和c++没有用于HTTP甚至套接字连接的标准库。多年来，一些便携式图书馆已经被开发出来。正如其他人所说，使用最广泛的是libcurl。

下面是libcurl的替代品列表(来自libcurl的网站)。

另外，对于Linux，这是一个简单的HTTP客户机。您可以实现自己的简单HTTP GET客户端，但如果涉及到身份验证或重定向，或者需要在代理后工作，则这将不起作用。对于这些情况，您需要像libcurl这样成熟的库。

对于使用libcurl的源代码，这是最接近您想要的(libcurl有许多示例)。看看主要功能。成功连接后，html内容将被复制到缓冲区。只需用自己的函数替换parseHtml即可。

以上所有的答案都是有帮助的。我的回答只是补充了一些内容:

使用boost beast，同步示例，异步示例，ssl示例 以nghttp2为例，它支持SSL、HTTP/2 使用Facebook proxygen，这个项目包括在Facebook上使用的核心c++ HTTP抽象。它的目标是高性能和并发性。我建议用vcpkg安装它，否则你会在依赖项管理上遇到困难。支持SSL。它还支持一些高级协议:HTTP/1.1、SPDY/3、SPDY/3.1、HTTP/2和HTTP/3

nghttp2和prooxygen都是稳定的，可以考虑在生产中使用。

2020年4月的最新答案:

最近，我使用cppp -httplib(作为客户机和服务器)取得了很大的成功。它是成熟的，它的近似，单线程RPS约为6k。

更先进的是，有一个非常有前途的框架，cpv-framework，它可以在两个核上获得大约180k RPS(并且可以很好地扩展核的数量，因为它基于sestar框架，它为地球上最快的db scylladb提供动力)。

但是cpv-framework还比较不成熟;所以，对于大多数用途，我强烈推荐cppp -httplib。

这个建议取代了我之前的答案(8年前)。

对于这个答案，我参考了Software_Developer的答案。通过重新构建代码，我发现一些部分已弃用(gethostbyname())或不为操作提供错误处理(创建套接字，发送一些东西)。

下面的windows代码是用Visual Studio 2013和windows 8.1 64位以及windows 7 64位进行测试的。它将目标与www.google.com的Web服务器的IPv4 TCP连接。

#include <winsock2.h>
#include <WS2tcpip.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
using namespace std;
    int main (){
    // Initialize Dependencies to the Windows Socket.
    WSADATA wsaData;
    if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsaData) != 0) {
        cout << "WSAStartup failed.\n";
        system("pause");
        return -1;
    }

    // We first prepare some "hints" for the "getaddrinfo" function
    // to tell it, that we are looking for a IPv4 TCP Connection.
    struct addrinfo hints;
    ZeroMemory(&hints, sizeof(hints));
    hints.ai_family = AF_INET;          // We are targeting IPv4
    hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;    // We are targeting TCP
    hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;    // We are targeting TCP so its SOCK_STREAM

    // Aquiring of the IPv4 address of a host using the newer
    // "getaddrinfo" function which outdated "gethostbyname".
    // It will search for IPv4 addresses using the TCP-Protocol.
    struct addrinfo* targetAdressInfo = NULL;
    DWORD getAddrRes = getaddrinfo("www.google.com", NULL, &hints, &targetAdressInfo);
    if (getAddrRes != 0 || targetAdressInfo == NULL)
    {
        cout << "Could not resolve the Host Name" << endl;
        system("pause");
        WSACleanup();
        return -1;
    }

    // Create the Socket Address Informations, using IPv4
    // We dont have to take care of sin_zero, it is only used to extend the length of SOCKADDR_IN to the size of SOCKADDR
    SOCKADDR_IN sockAddr;
    sockAddr.sin_addr = ((struct sockaddr_in*) targetAdressInfo->ai_addr)->sin_addr;    // The IPv4 Address from the Address Resolution Result
    sockAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;  // IPv4
    sockAddr.sin_port = htons(80);  // HTTP Port: 80

    // We have to free the Address-Information from getaddrinfo again
    freeaddrinfo(targetAdressInfo);

    // Creation of a socket for the communication with the Web Server,
    // using IPv4 and the TCP-Protocol
    SOCKET webSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
    if (webSocket == INVALID_SOCKET)
    {
        cout << "Creation of the Socket Failed" << endl;
        system("pause");
        WSACleanup();
        return -1;
    }

    // Establishing a connection to the web Socket
    cout << "Connecting...\n";
    if(connect(webSocket, (SOCKADDR*)&sockAddr, sizeof(sockAddr)) != 0)
    {
        cout << "Could not connect";
        system("pause");
        closesocket(webSocket);
        WSACleanup();
        return -1;
    }
    cout << "Connected.\n";

    // Sending a HTTP-GET-Request to the Web Server
    const char* httpRequest = "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: www.google.com\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n";
    int sentBytes = send(webSocket, httpRequest, strlen(httpRequest),0);
    if (sentBytes < strlen(httpRequest) || sentBytes == SOCKET_ERROR)
    {
        cout << "Could not send the request to the Server" << endl;
        system("pause");
        closesocket(webSocket);
        WSACleanup();
        return -1;
    }

    // Receiving and Displaying an answer from the Web Server
    char buffer[10000];
    ZeroMemory(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
    int dataLen;
    while ((dataLen = recv(webSocket, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0) > 0))
    {
        int i = 0;
        while (buffer[i] >= 32 || buffer[i] == '\n' || buffer[i] == '\r') {
            cout << buffer[i];
            i += 1;
        }
    }

    // Cleaning up Windows Socket Dependencies
    closesocket(webSocket);
    WSACleanup();

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

引用:

弃用gethostbyname

socket()的返回值

send()的返回值