在c# / VB.NET/。哪个循环运行得更快,for还是foreach?
自从很久以前我读到for循环比foreach循环工作得快,我就认为它适用于所有集合、泛型集合、所有数组等。
我搜索了谷歌,找到了几篇文章,但大多数都是不确定的(阅读文章评论),而且是开放式的。
理想的情况是列出每种情况以及最佳解决方案。
例如(这只是一个例子):
用于迭代1000+的数组
字符串- for比foreach好
对于迭代IList(非泛型)字符串- foreach更好
比
在网上找到了一些相同的参考资料:
由Emmanuel Schanzer撰写的原创文章
CodeProject FOREACH Vs. FOR
博客——去博客还是不去博客,这是个问题
ASP。NET论坛- NET 1.1 c# for vs foreach
(编辑)
除了可读性之外,我对事实和数据真的很感兴趣。在某些应用中,最后一英里的性能优化确实很重要。
一种强大而精确的测量时间的方法是使用BenchmarkDotNet库。
在下面的示例中,我在for/foreach上对1,000,000,000个整数记录进行了循环,并使用BenchmarkDotNet进行了测量:
using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
using BenchmarkDotNet.Running;
public class Program
{
public static void Main()
{
BenchmarkRunner.Run<LoopsBenchmarks>();
}
}
[MemoryDiagnoser]
public class LoopsBenchmarks
{
private List<int> arr = Enumerable.Range(1, 1_000_000_000).ToList();
[Benchmark]
public void For()
{
for (int i = 0; i < arr.Count; i++)
{
int item = arr[i];
}
}
[Benchmark]
public void Foreach()
{
foreach (int item in arr)
{
}
}
}
结果如下:
结论
在上面的例子中,我们可以看到for循环比foreach循环略快。我们还可以看到两者使用相同的内存分配。
internal static void Test()
{
int LOOP_LENGTH = 10000000;
Random random = new Random((int)DateTime.Now.ToFileTime());
{
Dictionary<int, int> dict = new Dictionary<int, int>();
long first_memory = GC.GetTotalMemory(true);
var stopWatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
{
dict.Add(i, i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < LOOP_LENGTH; i++)
{
for (int k = 0; k < dict.Count; k++)
{
if (dict[k] > 1000000) Console.WriteLine("Test");
}
}
stopWatch.Stop();
var last_memory = GC.GetTotalMemory(true);
Console.WriteLine($"Dictionary for T:{stopWatch.Elapsed.TotalSeconds}s\t M:{last_memory - first_memory}");
GC.Collect();
}
{
Dictionary<int, int> dict = new Dictionary<int, int>();
long first_memory = GC.GetTotalMemory(true);
var stopWatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
{
dict.Add(i, i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < LOOP_LENGTH; i++)
{
foreach (var item in dict)
{
if (item.Value > 1000000) Console.WriteLine("Test");
}
}
stopWatch.Stop();
var last_memory = GC.GetTotalMemory(true);
Console.WriteLine($"Dictionary foreach T:{stopWatch.Elapsed.TotalSeconds}s\t M:{last_memory - first_memory}");
GC.Collect();
}
{
Dictionary<int, int> dict = new Dictionary<int, int>();
long first_memory = GC.GetTotalMemory(true);
var stopWatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
{
dict.Add(i, i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < LOOP_LENGTH; i++)
{
foreach (var item in dict.Values)
{
if (item > 1000000) Console.WriteLine("Test");
}
}
stopWatch.Stop();
var last_memory = GC.GetTotalMemory(true);
Console.WriteLine($"Dictionary foreach values T:{stopWatch.Elapsed.TotalSeconds}s\t M:{last_memory - first_memory}");
GC.Collect();
}
{
List<int> dict = new List<int>();
long first_memory = GC.GetTotalMemory(true);
var stopWatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
{
dict.Add(i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < LOOP_LENGTH; i++)
{
for (int k = 0; k < dict.Count; k++)
{
if (dict[k] > 1000000) Console.WriteLine("Test");
}
}
stopWatch.Stop();
var last_memory = GC.GetTotalMemory(true);
Console.WriteLine($"list for T:{stopWatch.Elapsed.TotalSeconds}s\t M:{last_memory - first_memory}");
GC.Collect();
}
{
List<int> dict = new List<int>();
long first_memory = GC.GetTotalMemory(true);
var stopWatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++)
{
dict.Add(i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < LOOP_LENGTH; i++)
{
foreach (var item in dict)
{
if (item > 1000000) Console.WriteLine("Test");
}
}
stopWatch.Stop();
var last_memory = GC.GetTotalMemory(true);
Console.WriteLine($"list foreach T:{stopWatch.Elapsed.TotalSeconds}s\t M:{last_memory - first_memory}");
GC.Collect();
}
}
T:10.1957728s M:2080的字典
字典T:10.5900586 M:1952
字典foreach值T:3.8294776s M:2088
T:3.7981471s M:320
T:4.4861377s M:648