为了补充其他问题，让我提供如何使用Numpy使用Python 2.0函数:

def one_hot(y_):
    # Function to encode output labels from number indexes 
    # e.g.: [[5], [0], [3]] --> [[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1], [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0]]

    y_ = y_.reshape(len(y_))
    n_values = np.max(y_) + 1
    return np.eye(n_values)[np.array(y_, dtype=np.int32)]  # Returns FLOATS

行n_values = np.max(y_) + 1可以硬编码，以便在使用小批量的情况下使用足够数量的神经元。

使用此函数的演示项目/教程: https://github.com/guillaume-chevalier/LSTM-Human-Activity-Recognition

一个在numpy中使用矢量化并在pandas中应用的简单示例:

import numpy as np

a = np.array(['male','female','female','male'])

#define function
onehot_function = lambda x: 1.0 if (x=='male') else 0.0

onehot_a = np.vectorize(onehot_function)(a)

print(onehot_a)
# [1., 0., 0., 1.]

# -----------------------------------------

import pandas as pd

s = pd.Series(['male','female','female','male'])
onehot_s = s.apply(onehot_function)

print(onehot_s)
# 0    1.0
# 1    0.0
# 2    0.0
# 3    1.0
# dtype: float64

首先，最简单的热编码方法:使用Sklearn。

http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.preprocessing.OneHotEncoder.html

其次，我不认为使用熊猫进行一个热编码是那么简单(虽然未经证实)

在pandas中为python创建虚拟变量

最后，你需要一个热编码吗?一个热编码以指数方式增加了特征的数量，大大增加了任何分类器或任何你要运行的东西的运行时间。特别是当每个分类特征都有很多层次时。相反，你可以进行虚拟编码。

使用虚拟编码通常工作得很好，运行时间和复杂性要少得多。一位睿智的教授曾经告诉我，“少即是多”。

如果你愿意，这是我的自定义编码函数的代码。

from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder

#Auto encodes any dataframe column of type category or object.
def dummyEncode(df):
        columnsToEncode = list(df.select_dtypes(include=['category','object']))
        le = LabelEncoder()
        for feature in columnsToEncode:
            try:
                df[feature] = le.fit_transform(df[feature])
            except:
                print('Error encoding '+feature)
        return df

编辑:比较更清楚:

一热编码:将n层转换为n-1列。

Index  Animal         Index  cat  mouse
  1     dog             1     0     0
  2     cat       -->   2     1     0
  3    mouse            3     0     1

你可以看到，如果你的分类特征中有许多不同类型(或级别)，这会使你的记忆爆发式增长。记住，这只是一列。

伪代码:

Index  Animal         Index  Animal
  1     dog             1      0   
  2     cat       -->   2      1 
  3    mouse            3      2

转换为数字表示。极大地节省了特征空间，代价是准确性。

它可以而且应该很简单:

class OneHotEncoder:
    def __init__(self,optionKeys):
        length=len(optionKeys)
        self.__dict__={optionKeys[j]:[0 if i!=j else 1 for i in range(length)] for j in range(length)}

用法:

ohe=OneHotEncoder(["A","B","C","D"])
print(ohe.A)
print(ohe.D)

我在我的声学模型中使用了这个: 也许这对你的模型有帮助。

def one_hot_encoding(x, n_out):
    x = x.astype(int)  
    shape = x.shape
    x = x.flatten()
    N = len(x)
    x_categ = np.zeros((N,n_out))
    x_categ[np.arange(N), x] = 1
    return x_categ.reshape((shape)+(n_out,))

简短的回答

这里有一个函数，可以在不使用numpy、pandas或其他包的情况下进行一次性编码。它接受一个整数、布尔值或字符串(也可能是其他类型)的列表。

import typing


def one_hot_encode(items: list) -> typing.List[list]:
    results = []
    # find the unique items (we want to unique items b/c duplicate items will have the same encoding)
    unique_items = list(set(items))
    # sort the unique items
    sorted_items = sorted(unique_items)
    # find how long the list of each item should be
    max_index = len(unique_items)

    for item in items:
        # create a list of zeros the appropriate length
        one_hot_encoded_result = [0 for i in range(0, max_index)]
        # find the index of the item
        one_hot_index = sorted_items.index(item)
        # change the zero at the index from the previous line to a one
        one_hot_encoded_result[one_hot_index] = 1
        # add the result
        results.append(one_hot_encoded_result)

    return results

例子:

one_hot_encode([2, 1, 1, 2, 5, 3])

# [[0, 1, 0, 0],
#  [1, 0, 0, 0],
#  [1, 0, 0, 0],
#  [0, 1, 0, 0],
#  [0, 0, 0, 1],
#  [0, 0, 1, 0]]

one_hot_encode([True, False, True])

# [[0, 1], [1, 0], [0, 1]]

one_hot_encode(['a', 'b', 'c', 'a', 'e'])

# [[1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 1, 0], [1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 1]]

长(er)回答

I know there are already a lot of answers to this question, but I noticed two things. First, most of the answers use packages like numpy and/or pandas. And this is a good thing. If you are writing production code, you should probably be using robust, fast algorithms like those provided in the numpy/pandas packages. But, for the sake of education, I think someone should provide an answer which has a transparent algorithm and not just an implementation of someone else's algorithm. Second, I noticed that many of the answers do not provide a robust implementation of one-hot encoding because they do not meet one of the requirements below. Below are some of the requirements (as I see them) for a useful, accurate, and robust one-hot encoding function:

单热编码函数必须:

处理各种类型的列表(例如，整数，字符串，浮点数等)作为输入 处理带有重复项的输入列表 返回与输入相对应(与输入顺序相同)的列表的列表 返回一个列表的列表，其中每个列表都尽可能短

我测试了这个问题的许多答案，其中大多数都未能满足上述要求之一。