你可以用numpy来做。眼和一个使用数组元素的选择机制:

import numpy as np
nb_classes = 6
data = [[2, 3, 4, 0]]

def indices_to_one_hot(data, nb_classes):
    """Convert an iterable of indices to one-hot encoded labels."""
    targets = np.array(data).reshape(-1)
    return np.eye(nb_classes)[targets]

indices_to_one_hot(nb_classes, data)的返回值现在是

array([[[ 0.,  0.,  1.,  0.,  0.,  0.],
        [ 0.,  0.,  0.,  1.,  0.,  0.],
        [ 0.,  0.,  0.,  0.,  1.,  0.],
        [ 1.,  0.,  0.,  0.,  0.,  0.]]])

. remodeling(-1)的作用是确保标签格式正确(也可能有[[2]，[3]，[4]，[0]])。

试试这个:

!pip install category_encoders
import category_encoders as ce

categorical_columns = [...the list of names of the columns you want to one-hot-encode ...]
encoder = ce.OneHotEncoder(cols=categorical_columns, use_cat_names=True)
df_train_encoded = encoder.fit_transform(df_train_small)

df_encoded.head ()

生成的数据框架df_train_encoded与原始数据框架相同，但是分类特征现在被它们的单热编码版本所取代。

更多关于category_encoders的信息请点击这里。

扩展@Martin Thoma的答案

def one_hot_encode(y):
    """Convert an iterable of indices to one-hot encoded labels."""
    y = y.flatten() # Sometimes not flattened vector is passed e.g (118,1) in these cases
    # the function ends up creating a tensor e.g. (118, 2, 1). flatten removes this issue
    nb_classes = len(np.unique(y)) # get the number of unique classes
    standardised_labels = dict(zip(np.unique(y), np.arange(nb_classes))) # get the class labels as a dictionary
    # which then is standardised. E.g imagine class labels are (4,7,9) if a vector of y containing 4,7 and 9 is
    # directly passed then np.eye(nb_classes)[4] or 7,9 throws an out of index error.
    # standardised labels fixes this issue by returning a dictionary;
    # standardised_labels = {4:0, 7:1, 9:2}. The values of the dictionary are mapped to keys in y array.
    # standardised_labels also removes the error that is raised if the labels are floats. E.g. 1.0; element
    # cannot be called by an integer index e.g y[1.0] - throws an index error.
    targets = np.vectorize(standardised_labels.get)(y) # map the dictionary values to array.
    return np.eye(nb_classes)[targets]

你也可以做以下事情。注意，对于下面的内容，您不必使用pd.concat。

import pandas as pd 
# intialise data of lists. 
data = {'Color':['Red', 'Yellow', 'Red', 'Yellow'], 'Length':[20.1, 21.1, 19.1, 18.1],
       'Group':[1,2,1,2]} 

# Create DataFrame 
df = pd.DataFrame(data) 

for _c in df.select_dtypes(include=['object']).columns:
    print(_c)
    df[_c]  = pd.Categorical(df[_c])
df_transformed = pd.get_dummies(df)
df_transformed

还可以将显式列更改为分类列。例如，这里我正在更改颜色和组

import pandas as pd 
# intialise data of lists. 
data = {'Color':['Red', 'Yellow', 'Red', 'Yellow'], 'Length':[20.1, 21.1, 19.1, 18.1],
       'Group':[1,2,1,2]} 

# Create DataFrame 
df = pd.DataFrame(data) 
columns_to_change = list(df.select_dtypes(include=['object']).columns)
columns_to_change.append('Group')
for _c in columns_to_change:
    print(_c)
    df[_c]  = pd.Categorical(df[_c])
df_transformed = pd.get_dummies(df)
df_transformed

简短的回答

这里有一个函数，可以在不使用numpy、pandas或其他包的情况下进行一次性编码。它接受一个整数、布尔值或字符串(也可能是其他类型)的列表。

import typing


def one_hot_encode(items: list) -> typing.List[list]:
    results = []
    # find the unique items (we want to unique items b/c duplicate items will have the same encoding)
    unique_items = list(set(items))
    # sort the unique items
    sorted_items = sorted(unique_items)
    # find how long the list of each item should be
    max_index = len(unique_items)

    for item in items:
        # create a list of zeros the appropriate length
        one_hot_encoded_result = [0 for i in range(0, max_index)]
        # find the index of the item
        one_hot_index = sorted_items.index(item)
        # change the zero at the index from the previous line to a one
        one_hot_encoded_result[one_hot_index] = 1
        # add the result
        results.append(one_hot_encoded_result)

    return results

例子:

one_hot_encode([2, 1, 1, 2, 5, 3])

# [[0, 1, 0, 0],
#  [1, 0, 0, 0],
#  [1, 0, 0, 0],
#  [0, 1, 0, 0],
#  [0, 0, 0, 1],
#  [0, 0, 1, 0]]

one_hot_encode([True, False, True])

# [[0, 1], [1, 0], [0, 1]]

one_hot_encode(['a', 'b', 'c', 'a', 'e'])

# [[1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 1, 0], [1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 1]]

长(er)回答

I know there are already a lot of answers to this question, but I noticed two things. First, most of the answers use packages like numpy and/or pandas. And this is a good thing. If you are writing production code, you should probably be using robust, fast algorithms like those provided in the numpy/pandas packages. But, for the sake of education, I think someone should provide an answer which has a transparent algorithm and not just an implementation of someone else's algorithm. Second, I noticed that many of the answers do not provide a robust implementation of one-hot encoding because they do not meet one of the requirements below. Below are some of the requirements (as I see them) for a useful, accurate, and robust one-hot encoding function:

单热编码函数必须:

处理各种类型的列表(例如，整数，字符串，浮点数等)作为输入 处理带有重复项的输入列表 返回与输入相对应(与输入顺序相同)的列表的列表 返回一个列表的列表，其中每个列表都尽可能短

我测试了这个问题的许多答案，其中大多数都未能满足上述要求之一。

方法1:你可以使用pandas的pd.get_dummies。

示例1:

import pandas as pd
s = pd.Series(list('abca'))
pd.get_dummies(s)
Out[]: 
     a    b    c
0  1.0  0.0  0.0
1  0.0  1.0  0.0
2  0.0  0.0  1.0
3  1.0  0.0  0.0

示例2:

下面将把一个给定的列转换为一个hot。使用前缀有多个假人。

import pandas as pd
        
df = pd.DataFrame({
          'A':['a','b','a'],
          'B':['b','a','c']
        })
df
Out[]: 
   A  B
0  a  b
1  b  a
2  a  c

# Get one hot encoding of columns B
one_hot = pd.get_dummies(df['B'])
# Drop column B as it is now encoded
df = df.drop('B',axis = 1)
# Join the encoded df
df = df.join(one_hot)
df  
Out[]: 
       A  a  b  c
    0  a  0  1  0
    1  b  1  0  0
    2  a  0  0  1

方法2:使用Scikit-learn

使用OneHotEncoder的优点是能够拟合一些训练数据，然后使用相同的实例对一些其他数据进行转换。我们还有handle_unknown来进一步控制编码器对未见数据的处理。

给定一个具有三个特征和四个样本的数据集，我们让编码器找到每个特征的最大值，并将数据转换为二进制one-hot编码。

>>> from sklearn.preprocessing import OneHotEncoder
>>> enc = OneHotEncoder()
>>> enc.fit([[0, 0, 3], [1, 1, 0], [0, 2, 1], [1, 0, 2]])   
OneHotEncoder(categorical_features='all', dtype=<class 'numpy.float64'>,
   handle_unknown='error', n_values='auto', sparse=True)
>>> enc.n_values_
array([2, 3, 4])
>>> enc.feature_indices_
array([0, 2, 5, 9], dtype=int32)
>>> enc.transform([[0, 1, 1]]).toarray()
array([[ 1.,  0.,  0.,  1.,  0.,  0.,  1.,  0.,  0.]])

下面是这个例子的链接:http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.preprocessing.OneHotEncoder.html