如果你使用奇妙仙子，那么有:

package com.google.crypto.tink.subtle;

public final class Hex {
  public static String encode(final byte[] bytes) { ... }
  public static byte[] decode(String hex) { ... }
}

所以像这样的东西应该是有用的:

import com.google.crypto.tink.subtle.Hex;

byte[] bytes = {-1, 0, 1, 2, 3 };
String enc = Hex.encode(bytes);
byte[] dec = Hex.decode(enc)

下面是一个将字节转换为十六进制的简单函数

   private static String convertToHex(byte[] data) {
    StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
    for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
        int halfbyte = (data[i] >>> 4) & 0x0F;
        int two_halfs = 0;
        do {
            if ((0 <= halfbyte) && (halfbyte <= 9))
                buf.append((char) ('0' + halfbyte));
            else
                buf.append((char) ('a' + (halfbyte - 10)));
            halfbyte = data[i] & 0x0F;
        } while(two_halfs++ < 1);
    }
    return buf.toString();
}

我所发现的最快的方法是:

private static final String    HEXES    = "0123456789ABCDEF";

static String getHex(byte[] raw) {
    final StringBuilder hex = new StringBuilder(2 * raw.length);
    for (final byte b : raw) {
        hex.append(HEXES.charAt((b & 0xF0) >> 4)).append(HEXES.charAt((b & 0x0F)));
    }
    return hex.toString();
}

它比String.format快50倍。如果你想测试它:

public class MyTest{
    private static final String    HEXES        = "0123456789ABCDEF";

    @Test
    public void test_get_hex() {
        byte[] raw = {
            (byte) 0xd0, (byte) 0x0b, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x2a, (byte) 0x63,
            (byte) 0x78, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x2e, (byte) 0xe3, (byte) 0x6c,
            (byte) 0xd2, (byte) 0xb0, (byte) 0x78, (byte) 0x51, (byte) 0x73,
            (byte) 0x34, (byte) 0xaf, (byte) 0xbb, (byte) 0xa0, (byte) 0x9f,
            (byte) 0xc3, (byte) 0xa9, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x1e, (byte) 0xd5,
            (byte) 0x4b, (byte) 0x89, (byte) 0xa3, (byte) 0x45, (byte) 0x35,
            (byte) 0xd6, (byte) 0x10,
        };

        int N = 77777;
        long t;

        {
            t = System.currentTimeMillis();
            for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
                final StringBuilder hex = new StringBuilder(2 * raw.length);
                for (final byte b : raw) {
                    hex.append(HEXES.charAt((b & 0xF0) >> 4)).append(HEXES.charAt((b & 0x0F)));
                }
                hex.toString();
            }
            System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis() - t); // 50
        }

        {
            t = System.currentTimeMillis();
            for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
                StringBuilder hex = new StringBuilder(2 * raw.length);
                for (byte b : raw) {
                    hex.append(String.format("%02X", b));
                }
                hex.toString();
            }
            System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis() - t); // 2535
        }

    }
}

编辑:刚刚发现一些东西只是稍微快一点，保持在一行，但与JRE 9不兼容。使用风险自负

import javax.xml.bind.DatatypeConverter;

DatatypeConverter.printHexBinary(raw);

如果你喜欢流，这里有一个格式-连接方法的单表达式版本:

String hex = IntStream.range(0, bytes.length)
                      .map(i -> bytes[i] & 0xff)
                      .mapToObj(b -> String.format("%02x", b))
                      .collect(Collectors.joining());

遗憾的是没有类似Arrays::streamUnsignedBytes这样的方法。

使用BigInteger将byte[]转换为十六进制字符串的简单方法:

import java.math.BigInteger;

byte[] bytes = new byte[] {(byte)255, 10, 20, 30};
String hex = new BigInteger(1, bytes).toString(16);
System.out.println(hex); // ff0a141e

它是如何工作的?

内置的系统类java.math.BigInteger类(java.math.BigInteger)兼容二进制和十六进制数据:

它有一个构造函数BigInteger(signum=1, byte[])通过byte[]创建一个大整数(设置它的第一个参数signum=1以正确处理负字节) 使用BigInteger.toString(16)将大整数转换为十六进制字符串 要解析十六进制数，请使用new BigInteger("ffa74b"， 16) -不能正确处理前导零

如果你想在十六进制结果中有前导零，检查它的大小，并在必要时添加缺少的零:

if (hex.length() % 2 == 1)
    hex = "0" + hex;

笔记

使用new BigInteger(1, bytes)，而不是new BigInteger(bytes)，因为Java“被设计破坏了”，字节数据类型不包含字节，而是有符号的小整数[-128…127]。如果第一个字节是负的，BigInteger假设您传递了一个负的大整数。只需传递1作为第一个参数(signum=1)。

从十六进制转换回字节[]是棘手的:有时前导零进入产生的输出，它应该像这样被清除:

byte[] bytes = new BigInteger("ffa74b", 16).toByteArray();
if (bytes[0] == 0) {
    byte[] newBytes = new byte[bytes.length - 1];
    System.arraycopy(bytes, 1, newBytes, 0, newBytes.length);
    bytes = newBytes;
}

最后一个提示是如果字节[]有几个前导零，它们将丢失。

这是你的快速方法:

    private static final String[] hexes = new String[]{
        "00","01","02","03","04","05","06","07","08","09","0A","0B","0C","0D","0E","0F",
        "10","11","12","13","14","15","16","17","18","19","1A","1B","1C","1D","1E","1F",
        "20","21","22","23","24","25","26","27","28","29","2A","2B","2C","2D","2E","2F",
        "30","31","32","33","34","35","36","37","38","39","3A","3B","3C","3D","3E","3F",
        "40","41","42","43","44","45","46","47","48","49","4A","4B","4C","4D","4E","4F",
        "50","51","52","53","54","55","56","57","58","59","5A","5B","5C","5D","5E","5F",
        "60","61","62","63","64","65","66","67","68","69","6A","6B","6C","6D","6E","6F",
        "70","71","72","73","74","75","76","77","78","79","7A","7B","7C","7D","7E","7F",
        "80","81","82","83","84","85","86","87","88","89","8A","8B","8C","8D","8E","8F",
        "90","91","92","93","94","95","96","97","98","99","9A","9B","9C","9D","9E","9F",
        "A0","A1","A2","A3","A4","A5","A6","A7","A8","A9","AA","AB","AC","AD","AE","AF",
        "B0","B1","B2","B3","B4","B5","B6","B7","B8","B9","BA","BB","BC","BD","BE","BF",
        "C0","C1","C2","C3","C4","C5","C6","C7","C8","C9","CA","CB","CC","CD","CE","CF",
        "D0","D1","D2","D3","D4","D5","D6","D7","D8","D9","DA","DB","DC","DD","DE","DF",
        "E0","E1","E2","E3","E4","E5","E6","E7","E8","E9","EA","EB","EC","ED","EE","EF",
        "F0","F1","F2","F3","F4","F5","F6","F7","F8","F9","FA","FB","FC","FD","FE","FF"
    };

    public static String byteToHex(byte b) {
        return hexes[b&0xFF];
    }