查询结果:

table |     column     |          type          | notnull |  index_name  | is_index | primarykey | uniquekey | default
-------+----------------+------------------------+---------+--------------+----------+-   -----------+-----------+---------
 nodes | dns_datacenter | character varying(255) | f       |              | f        | f          | f         |
 nodes | dns_name       | character varying(255) | f       | dns_name_idx | t        | f          | f         |
 nodes | id             | uuid                   | t       | nodes_pkey   | t        | t          | t         |
(3 rows)

查询:

SELECT  
c.relname AS table,
f.attname AS column,  
pg_catalog.format_type(f.atttypid,f.atttypmod) AS type,
f.attnotnull AS notnull,  
i.relname as index_name,
CASE  
    WHEN i.oid<>0 THEN 't'  
    ELSE 'f'  
END AS is_index,  
CASE  
    WHEN p.contype = 'p' THEN 't'  
    ELSE 'f'  
END AS primarykey,  
CASE  
    WHEN p.contype = 'u' THEN 't' 
    WHEN p.contype = 'p' THEN 't' 
    ELSE 'f'
END AS uniquekey,
CASE
    WHEN f.atthasdef = 't' THEN d.adsrc
END AS default  FROM pg_attribute f  
JOIN pg_class c ON c.oid = f.attrelid  
JOIN pg_type t ON t.oid = f.atttypid  
LEFT JOIN pg_attrdef d ON d.adrelid = c.oid AND d.adnum = f.attnum  
LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace  
LEFT JOIN pg_constraint p ON p.conrelid = c.oid AND f.attnum = ANY (p.conkey)  
LEFT JOIN pg_class AS g ON p.confrelid = g.oid
LEFT JOIN pg_index AS ix ON f.attnum = ANY(ix.indkey) and c.oid = f.attrelid and c.oid = ix.indrelid 
LEFT JOIN pg_class AS i ON ix.indexrelid = i.oid 

WHERE c.relkind = 'r'::char  
AND n.nspname = 'public'  -- Replace with Schema name 
--AND c.relname = 'nodes'  -- Replace with table name, or Comment this for get all tables
AND f.attnum > 0
ORDER BY c.relname,f.attname;

\d table_name显示了来自psql的这些信息，但是如果你想使用SQL从数据库中获取这些信息，那么可以看看从PostgreSQL中提取META信息。

我在我的实用程序中使用这些信息来报告来自db schema的一些信息，以比较测试和生产环境中的PostgreSQL数据库。

请尝试下面的查询以深入到所需的索引

查询如下-我亲自尝试过，并经常使用它。

SELECT n.nspname as "Schema",
  c.relname as "Name",
  CASE c.relkind WHEN 'r' THEN 'table' WHEN 'v' THEN 'view' WHEN 'i' 
THEN 'index' WHEN 'S' THEN 'sequence' WHEN 's' THEN 'special' END as "Type",
  u.usename as "Owner",
 c2.relname as "Table"
FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
     JOIN pg_catalog.pg_index i ON i.indexrelid = c.oid
     JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class c2 ON i.indrelid = c2.oid
     LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_user u ON u.usesysid = c.relowner
     LEFT JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
WHERE c.relkind IN ('i','')
      AND n.nspname NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
      AND pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)
      AND c2.relname like '%agg_transaction%' --table name
      AND nspname = 'edjus' -- schema name 
ORDER BY 1,2;

原始信息在pg_index中。

我认为这个版本在这个线程上还不存在:它提供了列名列表和索引的ddl。

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW V_TABLE_INDEXES AS

SELECT
     n.nspname  as "schema"
    ,t.relname  as "table"
    ,c.relname  as "index"
    ,i.indisunique AS "is_unique"
    ,array_to_string(array_agg(a.attname), ', ') as "columns"
    ,pg_get_indexdef(i.indexrelid) as "ddl"
FROM pg_catalog.pg_class c
    JOIN pg_catalog.pg_namespace n ON n.oid        = c.relnamespace
    JOIN pg_catalog.pg_index i ON i.indexrelid = c.oid
    JOIN pg_catalog.pg_class t ON i.indrelid   = t.oid
    JOIN pg_attribute a ON a.attrelid = t.oid AND a.attnum = ANY(i.indkey)
WHERE c.relkind = 'i'
      and n.nspname not in ('pg_catalog', 'pg_toast')
      and pg_catalog.pg_table_is_visible(c.oid)
GROUP BY
    n.nspname
    ,t.relname
    ,c.relname
    ,i.indisunique
    ,i.indexrelid
ORDER BY
    n.nspname
    ,t.relname
    ,c.relname;

我发现使用函数的索引不链接到列名，所以偶尔你会发现一个索引列表，例如一个列名，而实际上是使用3。

例子:

CREATE INDEX ui1 ON table1 (coalesce(col1,''),coalesce(col2,''),col3)

该查询仅返回'col3'作为索引上的列，但DDL显示了索引中使用的全部列。

如果你想保持索引中的列顺序，这里有一个(非常丑陋的)方法:

select table_name,
    index_name,
    array_agg(column_name)
from (
    select
        t.relname as table_name,
        i.relname as index_name,
        a.attname as column_name,
        unnest(ix.indkey) as unn,
        a.attnum
    from
        pg_class t,
        pg_class i,
        pg_index ix,
        pg_attribute a
    where
        t.oid = ix.indrelid
        and i.oid = ix.indexrelid
        and a.attrelid = t.oid
        and a.attnum = ANY(ix.indkey)
        and t.relkind = 'r'
        and t.relnamespace = <oid of the schema you're interested in>
    order by
        t.relname,
        i.relname,
        generate_subscripts(ix.indkey,1)) sb
where unn = attnum
group by table_name, index_name

列顺序存储在pg_index中。indkey列，我是根据这个数组的下标排序的。