我写这个函数是从文件中读取一行:
const char *readLine(FILE *file) {
if (file == NULL) {
printf("Error: file pointer is null.");
exit(1);
}
int maximumLineLength = 128;
char *lineBuffer = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * maximumLineLength);
if (lineBuffer == NULL) {
printf("Error allocating memory for line buffer.");
exit(1);
}
char ch = getc(file);
int count = 0;
while ((ch != '\n') && (ch != EOF)) {
if (count == maximumLineLength) {
maximumLineLength += 128;
lineBuffer = realloc(lineBuffer, maximumLineLength);
if (lineBuffer == NULL) {
printf("Error reallocating space for line buffer.");
exit(1);
}
}
lineBuffer[count] = ch;
count++;
ch = getc(file);
}
lineBuffer[count] = '\0';
char line[count + 1];
strncpy(line, lineBuffer, (count + 1));
free(lineBuffer);
const char *constLine = line;
return constLine;
}
该函数正确地读取文件,使用printf我看到constLine字符串也被正确读取。
然而,如果我像这样使用函数:
while (!feof(myFile)) {
const char *line = readLine(myFile);
printf("%s\n", line);
}
Printf输出胡言乱语。为什么?
我的工具从头开始:
FILE *pFile = fopen(your_file_path, "r");
int nbytes = 1024;
char *line = (char *) malloc(nbytes);
char *buf = (char *) malloc(nbytes);
size_t bytes_read;
int linesize = 0;
while (fgets(buf, nbytes, pFile) != NULL) {
bytes_read = strlen(buf);
// if line length larger than size of line buffer
if (linesize + bytes_read > nbytes) {
char *tmp = line;
nbytes += nbytes / 2;
line = (char *) malloc(nbytes);
memcpy(line, tmp, linesize);
free(tmp);
}
memcpy(line + linesize, buf, bytes_read);
linesize += bytes_read;
if (feof(pFile) || buf[bytes_read-1] == '\n') {
handle_line(line);
linesize = 0;
memset(line, '\0', nbytes);
}
}
free(buf);
free(line);
在readLine函数中,返回一个指向行数组的指针(严格地说,是指向该行数组第一个字符的指针,但这里的区别无关紧要)。由于它是一个自动变量(即,它“在堆栈上”),当函数返回时,内存将被回收。你看到的是乱七八糟的东西,因为printf把它自己的东西放到了堆栈上。
您需要从函数返回一个动态分配的缓冲区。你已经有一个了,它是lineBuffer;你所要做的就是把它截断成所需的长度。
lineBuffer[count] = '\0';
realloc(lineBuffer, count + 1);
return lineBuffer;
}
ADDED(对评论中后续问题的回应):readLine返回一个指向组成该行的字符的指针。这个指针是处理该行内容所需要的指针。当你用完这些字符占用的内存时,你也必须通过它来释放内存。下面是如何使用readLine函数:
char *line = readLine(file);
printf("LOG: read a line: %s\n", line);
if (strchr(line, 'a')) { puts("The line contains an a"); }
/* etc. */
free(line);
/* After this point, the memory allocated for the line has been reclaimed.
You can't use the value of `line` again (though you can assign a new value
to the `line` variable if you want). */
您应该使用ANSI函数来读取一行,例如。fgets。调用后,你需要在调用上下文中使用free(),例如:
...
const char *entirecontent=readLine(myFile);
puts(entirecontent);
free(entirecontent);
...
const char *readLine(FILE *file)
{
char *lineBuffer=calloc(1,1), line[128];
if ( !file || !lineBuffer )
{
fprintf(stderr,"an ErrorNo 1: ...");
exit(1);
}
for(; fgets(line,sizeof line,file) ; strcat(lineBuffer,line) )
{
if( strchr(line,'\n') ) *strchr(line,'\n')=0;
lineBuffer=realloc(lineBuffer,strlen(lineBuffer)+strlen(line)+1);
if( !lineBuffer )
{
fprintf(stderr,"an ErrorNo 2: ...");
exit(2);
}
}
return lineBuffer;
}