Here is a JavaScript Implementation that fakes Breadth First Traversal with Depth First recursion. I'm storing the node values at each depth inside an array, inside of a hash. If a level already exists(we have a collision), so we just push to the array at that level. You could use an array instead of a JavaScript object as well since our levels are numeric and can serve as array indices. You can return nodes, values, convert to a Linked List, or whatever you want. I'm just returning values for the sake of simplicity.

BinarySearchTree.prototype.breadthFirstRec = function() {

    var levels = {};

    var traverse = function(current, depth) {
        if (!current) return null;
        if (!levels[depth]) levels[depth] = [current.value];
        else levels[depth].push(current.value);
        traverse(current.left, depth + 1);
        traverse(current.right, depth + 1);
    };

    traverse(this.root, 0);
    return levels;
};


var bst = new BinarySearchTree();
bst.add(20, 22, 8, 4, 12, 10, 14, 24);
console.log('Recursive Breadth First: ', bst.breadthFirstRec());
/*Recursive Breadth First:  
{ '0': [ 20 ],
  '1': [ 8, 22 ],
  '2': [ 4, 12, 24 ],
  '3': [ 10, 14 ] } */

下面是一个使用迭代方法的实际广度优先遍历的示例。

BinarySearchTree.prototype.breadthFirst = function() {

    var result = '',
        queue = [],
        current = this.root;

    if (!current) return null;
    queue.push(current);

    while (current = queue.shift()) {
        result += current.value + ' ';
        current.left && queue.push(current.left);
        current.right && queue.push(current.right);
    }
    return result;
};

console.log('Breadth First: ', bst.breadthFirst());
//Breadth First:  20 8 22 4 12 24 10 14

如果使用数组来支持二叉树，则可以用代数方法确定下一个节点。如果I是一个节点，那么它的子节点可以在2i + 1(左节点)和2i + 2(右节点)处找到。节点的下一个邻居由i + 1给出，除非i是2的幂

下面是在数组支持的二叉搜索树上实现宽度优先搜索的伪代码。这假设一个固定大小的数组，因此一个固定深度的树。它将查看无父节点，并可能创建难以管理的大堆栈。

bintree-bfs(bintree, elt, i)
    if (i == LENGTH)
        return false

    else if (bintree[i] == elt)
        return true

    else 
        return bintree-bfs(bintree, elt, i+1)        

下面的方法使用DFS算法来获取特定深度的所有节点——这与对该级别进行BFS相同。如果您找到树的深度，并对所有级别执行此操作，结果将与BFS相同。

public void PrintLevelNodes(Tree root, int level) {
    if (root != null) {
        if (level == 0) {
            Console.Write(root.Data);
            return;
        }
        PrintLevelNodes(root.Left, level - 1);
        PrintLevelNodes(root.Right, level - 1);
    }
}

for (int i = 0; i < depth; i++) {
    PrintLevelNodes(root, i);
}

找到树的深度是小菜一碟:

public int MaxDepth(Tree root) {
    if (root == null) {
        return 0;
    } else {
        return Math.Max(MaxDepth(root.Left), MaxDepth(root.Right)) + 1;
    }
}

我找不到一种完全递归的方法(没有任何辅助数据结构)。但是如果队列Q是通过引用传递的，那么你可以得到下面这个愚蠢的尾部递归函数:

BFS(Q)
{
  if (|Q| > 0)
     v <- Dequeue(Q)
     Traverse(v)
     foreach w in children(v)
        Enqueue(Q, w)    

     BFS(Q)
}

下面使用Haskell对我来说似乎很自然。在树的各个层次上递归迭代(这里我将名字收集到一个大的有序字符串中，以显示树的路径):

data Node = Node {name :: String, children :: [Node]}
aTree = Node "r" [Node "c1" [Node "gc1" [Node "ggc1" []], Node "gc2" []] , Node "c2" [Node "gc3" []], Node "c3" [] ]
breadthFirstOrder x = levelRecurser [x]
    where levelRecurser level = if length level == 0
                                then ""
                                else concat [name node ++ " " | node <- level] ++ levelRecurser (concat [children node | node <- level])

我必须实现以BFS顺序输出的堆遍历。它实际上不是BFS，但完成了相同的任务。

private void getNodeValue(Node node, int index, int[] array) {
    array[index] = node.value;
    index = (index*2)+1;

    Node left = node.leftNode;
    if (left!=null) getNodeValue(left,index,array);
    Node right = node.rightNode;
    if (right!=null) getNodeValue(right,index+1,array);
}

public int[] getHeap() {
    int[] nodes = new int[size];
    getNodeValue(root,0,nodes);
    return nodes;
}