假设您想递归地实现一个二叉树的宽度优先搜索。你会怎么做?
是否可以只使用调用堆栈作为辅助存储?
当前回答
Java中简单的BFS和DFS递归: 只需要在堆栈/队列中推送/提供树的根节点并调用这些函数。
public static void breadthFirstSearch(Queue queue) {
if (queue.isEmpty())
return;
Node node = (Node) queue.poll();
System.out.println(node + " ");
if (node.right != null)
queue.offer(node.right);
if (node.left != null)
queue.offer(node.left);
breadthFirstSearch(queue);
}
public static void depthFirstSearch(Stack stack) {
if (stack.isEmpty())
return;
Node node = (Node) stack.pop();
System.out.println(node + " ");
if (node.right != null)
stack.push(node.right);
if (node.left != null)
stack.push(node.left);
depthFirstSearch(stack);
}
其他回答
我找不到一种完全递归的方法(没有任何辅助数据结构)。但是如果队列Q是通过引用传递的，那么你可以得到下面这个愚蠢的尾部递归函数:
BFS(Q)
{
if (|Q| > 0)
v <- Dequeue(Q)
Traverse(v)
foreach w in children(v)
Enqueue(Q, w)
BFS(Q)
}
我已经用c++做了一个程序，它是在联合和不联合图工作。
#include <queue>
#include "iostream"
#include "vector"
#include "queue"
using namespace std;
struct Edge {
int source,destination;
};
class Graph{
int V;
vector<vector<int>> adjList;
public:
Graph(vector<Edge> edges,int V){
this->V = V;
adjList.resize(V);
for(auto i : edges){
adjList[i.source].push_back(i.destination);
// adjList[i.destination].push_back(i.source);
}
}
void BFSRecursivelyJoinandDisjointtGraphUtil(vector<bool> &discovered, queue<int> &q);
void BFSRecursivelyJointandDisjointGraph(int s);
void printGraph();
};
void Graph :: printGraph()
{
for (int i = 0; i < this->adjList.size(); i++)
{
cout << i << " -- ";
for (int v : this->adjList[i])
cout <<"->"<< v << " ";
cout << endl;
}
}
void Graph ::BFSRecursivelyJoinandDisjointtGraphUtil(vector<bool> &discovered, queue<int> &q) {
if (q.empty())
return;
int v = q.front();
q.pop();
cout << v <<" ";
for (int u : this->adjList[v])
{
if (!discovered[u])
{
discovered[u] = true;
q.push(u);
}
}
BFSRecursivelyJoinandDisjointtGraphUtil(discovered, q);
}
void Graph ::BFSRecursivelyJointandDisjointGraph(int s) {
vector<bool> discovered(V, false);
queue<int> q;
for (int i = s; i < V; i++) {
if (discovered[i] == false)
{
discovered[i] = true;
q.push(i);
BFSRecursivelyJoinandDisjointtGraphUtil(discovered, q);
}
}
}
int main()
{
vector<Edge> edges =
{
{0, 1}, {0, 2}, {1, 2}, {2, 0}, {2,3},{3,3}
};
int V = 4;
Graph graph(edges, V);
// graph.printGraph();
graph.BFSRecursivelyJointandDisjointGraph(2);
cout << "\n";
edges = {
{0,4},{1,2},{1,3},{1,4},{2,3},{3,4}
};
Graph graph2(edges,5);
graph2.BFSRecursivelyJointandDisjointGraph(0);
return 0;
}
在学习AlgoExpert时，对这个问题进行了改编。提示符中已经提供了以下Class。这里是python中的迭代和递归解决方案。这个问题的目标是返回一个输出数组，其中列出了按访问顺序排列的节点名称。如果遍历顺序为A -> B -> D -> F，则输出为['A'，'B'，'D'，'F']
class Node:
def __init__(self, name):
self.children = []
self.name = name
def addChild(self, name):
self.children.append(Node(name))
return self
递归
def breadthFirstSearch(self, array):
return self._bfs(array, [self])
def _bfs(self, array, visited):
# Base case - no more nodes to visit
if len(visited) == 0:
return array
node = visited.pop(0)
array.append(node.name)
visited.extend(node.children)
return self._bfs(array, visited)
迭代
def breadthFirstSearch(self, array):
array.append(self.name)
queue = [self]
while len(queue) > 0:
node = queue.pop(0)
for child in node.children:
array.append(child.name)
queue.append(child)
return array
我认为这可以使用指针来完成，而不使用任何队列。
基本上我们在任何地方都维护两个指针，一个指向父结点，另一个指向待处理的子结点(链接列表指向所有已处理的子结点)
现在你只需分配子进程的指针&当父进程处理完成时，你只需让子进程成为父进程进行下一层的处理
以下是我的代码:
//Tree Node
struct Node {
int val;
Node* left;
Node* right;
Node* next;
Node() : val(0), left(NULL), right(NULL), next(NULL) {}
Node(int _val) : val(_val), left(NULL), right(NULL), next(NULL) {}
Node(int _val, Node* _left, Node* _right, Node* _next)
: val(_val), left(_left), right(_right), next(_next) {}
};
/ / Algorightm:
void LevelTraverse(Node* parent,Node* chidstart,Node* childend ){
if(!parent && !chidstart) return; // we processed everything
if(!parent && chidstart){ //finished processing last level
parent=chidstart;chidstart=childend=NULL; // assgin child to parent for processing next level
LevelTraverse(parent,chidstart,childend);
}else if(parent && !chidstart){ // This is new level first node tobe processed
Node* temp=parent; parent=parent->next;
if(temp->left) { childend=chidstart=temp->left; }
if(chidstart){
if(temp->right) { childend->next=temp->right; childend=temp->right; }
}else{
if(temp->right) { childend=chidstart=temp->right; }
}
LevelTraverse(parent,chidstart,childend);
}else if(parent && chidstart){ //we are in mid of some level processing
Node* temp=parent; parent=parent->next;
if(temp->left) { childend->next=temp->left; childend=temp->left; }
if(temp->right) { childend->next=temp->right; childend=temp->right; }
LevelTraverse(parent,chidstart,childend);
}
}
//驱动代码:
Node* connect(Node* root) {
if(!root) return NULL;
Node* parent; Node* childs, *childe; parent=childs=childe=NULL;
parent=root;
LevelTraverse(parent, childs, childe);
return root;
}
Java中简单的BFS和DFS递归: 只需要在堆栈/队列中推送/提供树的根节点并调用这些函数。
public static void breadthFirstSearch(Queue queue) {
if (queue.isEmpty())
return;
Node node = (Node) queue.poll();
System.out.println(node + " ");
if (node.right != null)
queue.offer(node.right);
if (node.left != null)
queue.offer(node.left);
breadthFirstSearch(queue);
}
public static void depthFirstSearch(Stack stack) {
if (stack.isEmpty())
return;
Node node = (Node) stack.pop();
System.out.println(node + " ");
if (node.right != null)
stack.push(node.right);
if (node.left != null)
stack.push(node.left);
depthFirstSearch(stack);
}
