说到计数器示例-如上所述，计数器将在使用decorator的所有函数之间共享：

def counter(func):
    def wrapped(*args, **kws):
        print 'Called #%i' % wrapped.count
        wrapped.count += 1
        return func(*args, **kws)
    wrapped.count = 0
    return wrapped

这样，您的装饰器可以重复用于不同的函数（或用于多次装饰同一个函数：func_counter1=counter（func）；func_counter2=counter（func）），并且计数器变量将对每个变量保持私有。

#decorator.py
def makeHtmlTag(tag, *args, **kwds):
    def real_decorator(fn):
        css_class = " class='{0}'".format(kwds["css_class"]) \
                                 if "css_class" in kwds else ""
        def wrapped(*args, **kwds):
            return "<"+tag+css_class+">" + fn(*args, **kwds) + "</"+tag+">"
        return wrapped
    # return decorator dont call it
    return real_decorator

@makeHtmlTag(tag="b", css_class="bold_css")
@makeHtmlTag(tag="i", css_class="italic_css")
def hello():
    return "hello world"

print hello()

也可以在类中编写decorator

#class.py
class makeHtmlTagClass(object):
    def __init__(self, tag, css_class=""):
        self._tag = tag
        self._css_class = " class='{0}'".format(css_class) \
                                       if css_class != "" else ""

    def __call__(self, fn):
        def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
            return "<" + self._tag + self._css_class+">"  \
                       + fn(*args, **kwargs) + "</" + self._tag + ">"
        return wrapped

@makeHtmlTagClass(tag="b", css_class="bold_css")
@makeHtmlTagClass(tag="i", css_class="italic_css")
def hello(name):
    return "Hello, {}".format(name)

print hello("Your name")

做同样事情的另一种方式：

class bol(object):
  def __init__(self, f):
    self.f = f
  def __call__(self):
    return "<b>{}</b>".format(self.f())

class ita(object):
  def __init__(self, f):
    self.f = f
  def __call__(self):
    return "<i>{}</i>".format(self.f())

@bol
@ita
def sayhi():
  return 'hi'

或者，更灵活地说：

class sty(object):
  def __init__(self, tag):
    self.tag = tag
  def __call__(self, f):
    def newf():
      return "<{tag}>{res}</{tag}>".format(res=f(), tag=self.tag)
    return newf

@sty('b')
@sty('i')
def sayhi():
  return 'hi'

查看文档以了解装饰器是如何工作的。以下是您的要求：

from functools import wraps

def makebold(fn):
    @wraps(fn)
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        return "<b>" + fn(*args, **kwargs) + "</b>"
    return wrapper

def makeitalic(fn):
    @wraps(fn)
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        return "<i>" + fn(*args, **kwargs) + "</i>"
    return wrapper

@makebold
@makeitalic
def hello():
    return "hello world"

@makebold
@makeitalic
def log(s):
    return s

print hello()        # returns "<b><i>hello world</i></b>"
print hello.__name__ # with functools.wraps() this returns "hello"
print log('hello')   # returns "<b><i>hello</i></b>"

当然，您也可以从decorator函数返回lambdas：

def makebold(f): 
    return lambda: "<b>" + f() + "</b>"
def makeitalic(f): 
    return lambda: "<i>" + f() + "</i>"

@makebold
@makeitalic
def say():
    return "Hello"

print say()

当您需要在decorator中添加自定义参数时，我会添加一个案例，将其传递给最终函数，然后使用它。

装饰师：

def jwt_or_redirect(fn):
  @wraps(fn)
  def decorator(*args, **kwargs):
    ...
    return fn(*args, **kwargs)
  return decorator

def jwt_refresh(fn):
  @wraps(fn)
  def decorator(*args, **kwargs):
    ...
    new_kwargs = {'refreshed_jwt': 'xxxxx-xxxxxx'}
    new_kwargs.update(kwargs)
    return fn(*args, **new_kwargs)
  return decorator

以及最终功能：

@app.route('/')
@jwt_or_redirect
@jwt_refresh
def home_page(*args, **kwargs):
  return kwargs['refreched_jwt']