cout.fill( '0' );    
cout.width( 3 );
cout << value;

在单个数字值的实例上使用零作为填充字符输出日期和时间的另一个示例:2017-06-04 18:13:02

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    time_t t = time(0);   // Get time now
    struct tm * now = localtime(&t);
    cout.fill('0');
    cout << (now->tm_year + 1900) << '-'
        << setw(2) << (now->tm_mon + 1) << '-'
        << setw(2) << now->tm_mday << ' '
        << setw(2) << now->tm_hour << ':'
        << setw(2) << now->tm_min << ':'
        << setw(2) << now->tm_sec
        << endl;
    return 0;
}

cout.fill( '0' );    
cout.width( 3 );
cout << value;

cout.fill('*');
cout << -12345 << endl; // print default value with no field width
cout << setw(10) << -12345 << endl; // print default with field width
cout << setw(10) << left << -12345 << endl; // print left justified
cout << setw(10) << right << -12345 << endl; // print right justified
cout << setw(10) << internal << -12345 << endl; // print internally justified

这将产生输出:

-12345
****-12345
-12345****
****-12345
-****12345

在c++ 20中，你可以做到:

std::cout << std::format("{:03}", 25); // prints 025

在此期间，您可以使用{fmt}库，std::format是基于。

免责声明:我是{fmt}和c++ 20 std::format的作者。

我会使用下面的函数。我不喜欢sprintf;这不是我想要的!!

#define hexchar(x)    ((((x)&0x0F)>9)?((x)+'A'-10):((x)+'0'))
typedef signed long long   Int64;

// Special printf for numbers only
// See formatting information below.
//
//    Print the number "n" in the given "base"
//    using exactly "numDigits".
//    Print +/- if signed flag "isSigned" is TRUE.
//    Use the character specified in "padchar" to pad extra characters.
//
//    Examples:
//    sprintfNum(pszBuffer, 6, 10, 6,  TRUE, ' ',   1234);  -->  " +1234"
//    sprintfNum(pszBuffer, 6, 10, 6, FALSE, '0',   1234);  -->  "001234"
//    sprintfNum(pszBuffer, 6, 16, 6, FALSE, '.', 0x5AA5);  -->  "..5AA5"
void sprintfNum(char *pszBuffer, int size, char base, char numDigits, char isSigned, char padchar, Int64 n)
{
    char *ptr = pszBuffer;

    if (!pszBuffer)
    {
        return;
    }

    char *p, buf[32];
    unsigned long long x;
    unsigned char count;

    // Prepare negative number
    if (isSigned && (n < 0))
    {
        x = -n;
    }
    else
    {
        x = n;
    }

    // Set up small string buffer
    count = (numDigits-1) - (isSigned?1:0);
    p = buf + sizeof (buf);
    *--p = '\0';

    // Force calculation of first digit
    // (to prevent zero from not printing at all!!!)
    *--p = (char)hexchar(x%base);
    x = x / base;

    // Calculate remaining digits
    while(count--)
    {
        if(x != 0)
        {
            // Calculate next digit
            *--p = (char)hexchar(x%base);
            x /= base;
        }
        else
        {
            // No more digits left, pad out to desired length
            *--p = padchar;
        }
    }

    // Apply signed notation if requested
    if (isSigned)
    {
        if (n < 0)
        {
            *--p = '-';
        }
        else if (n > 0)
        {
            *--p = '+';
        }
        else
        {
            *--p = ' ';
        }
    }

    // Print the string right-justified
    count = numDigits;
    while (count--)
    {
        *ptr++ = *p++;
    }
    return;
}