我如何在Swift中生成一个随机的字母数字字符串?


当前回答

一种避免输入整套字符的方法:

func randomAlphanumericString(length: Int) -> String  {
    enum Statics {
        static let scalars = [UnicodeScalar("a").value...UnicodeScalar("z").value,
                              UnicodeScalar("A").value...UnicodeScalar("Z").value,
                              UnicodeScalar("0").value...UnicodeScalar("9").value].joined()

        static let characters = scalars.map { Character(UnicodeScalar($0)!) }
    }
    
    let result = (0..<length).map { _ in Statics.characters.randomElement()! }
    return String(result)
}

其他回答

func randomUIDString(_ wlength: Int) -> String {

    let letters : NSString = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
    var randomString = ""

    for _ in 0 ..< wlength {
        let length = UInt32 (letters.length)
        let rand = arc4random_uniform(length)
        randomString = randomString.appendingFormat("%C", letters.character(at: Int(rand)));
    }

    return randomString
}

斯威夫特5.6

此函数生成一个以36为基数的10位数字,然后将其作为字母数字字符串返回。

func randomCode(length: Int) -> String {
    let radix = 36 // = 10 digits + 26 letters
    let number = Int.random(in: 0..<(pow(radix, length)))
    return String(number, radix: radix, uppercase: true)
}

或者如果你不希望代码以“0”开头:

func randomCode(length: Int) -> String {
    let radix = 36 // = 10 digits + 26 letters
    let range = (pow(radix, length)/2)..<(pow(radix, length))
    let number = Int.random(in: range)
    return String(number, radix: radix, uppercase: true)
}

如果您只需要一个唯一标识符UUID()。uuidString可以满足您的需求。

一种避免输入整套字符的方法:

func randomAlphanumericString(length: Int) -> String  {
    enum Statics {
        static let scalars = [UnicodeScalar("a").value...UnicodeScalar("z").value,
                              UnicodeScalar("A").value...UnicodeScalar("Z").value,
                              UnicodeScalar("0").value...UnicodeScalar("9").value].joined()

        static let characters = scalars.map { Character(UnicodeScalar($0)!) }
    }
    
    let result = (0..<length).map { _ in Statics.characters.randomElement()! }
    return String(result)
}

如果你的随机字符串应该是安全随机的,使用这个:

import Foundation
import Security

// ...

private static func createAlphaNumericRandomString(length: Int) -> String? {
    // create random numbers from 0 to 63
    // use random numbers as index for accessing characters from the symbols string
    // this limit is chosen because it is close to the number of possible symbols A-Z, a-z, 0-9
    // so the error rate for invalid indices is low
    let randomNumberModulo: UInt8 = 64

    // indices greater than the length of the symbols string are invalid
    // invalid indices are skipped
    let symbols = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"

    var alphaNumericRandomString = ""

    let maximumIndex = symbols.count - 1

    while alphaNumericRandomString.count != length {
        let bytesCount = 1
        var randomByte: UInt8 = 0

        guard errSecSuccess == SecRandomCopyBytes(kSecRandomDefault, bytesCount, &randomByte) else {
            return nil
        }

        let randomIndex = randomByte % randomNumberModulo

        // check if index exceeds symbols string length, then skip
        guard randomIndex <= maximumIndex else { continue }

        let symbolIndex = symbols.index(symbols.startIndex, offsetBy: Int(randomIndex))
        alphaNumericRandomString.append(symbols[symbolIndex])
    }

    return alphaNumericRandomString
}