我如何在Swift中生成一个随机的字母数字字符串?


当前回答

免费循环,尽管它被限制在43个字符。如果你需要更多,可以修改。与单独使用UUID相比,这种方法有两个优点:

“更大的熵”使用小写字母,因为UUID()只生成大写字母 UUID最大长度为36个字符(包括4个连字符),不包含连字符的长度为32个字符。你应该需要更长的东西,或不希望连字符包括,使用base64EncodedString处理这个

此外,该函数使用UInt来避免负数。

 func generateRandom(size: UInt) -> String {
        let prefixSize = Int(min(size, 43))
        let uuidString = UUID().uuidString.replacingOccurrences(of: "-", with: "")
        return String(Data(uuidString.utf8)
            .base64EncodedString()
            .replacingOccurrences(of: "=", with: "")
            .prefix(prefixSize))
    }

在循环中调用它来检查输出:

for _ in 0...10 {
    print(generateRandom(size: 32))
}

生产:

Nzk3NjgzMTdBQ0FBNDFCNzk2MDRENzZF
MUI5RURDQzE1RTdCNDA3RDg2MTI4QkQx
M0I3MjJBRjVFRTYyNDFCNkI5OUM1RUVC
RDA1RDZGQ0IzQjI1NDdGREI3NDgxM0Mx
NjcyNUQyOThCNzhCNEVFQTk1RTQ3NTIy
MDkwRTQ0RjFENUFGNEFDOTgyQTUxODI0
RDU2OTNBOUJGMDE4NDhEODlCNEQ1NjZG
RjM2MTUxRjM4RkY3NDU2OUFDOTI0Nzkz
QzUwOTE1N0U1RDVENDE4OEE5NTM2Rjcy
Nzk4QkMxNUJEMjYwNDJDQjhBQkY5QkY5
ODhFNjU0MDVEMUI2NEI5QUIyNjNCNkVF

其他回答

Swift 2.2版本

// based on https://gist.github.com/samuel-mellert/20b3c99dec168255a046
// which is based on https://gist.github.com/szhernovoy/276e69eb90a0de84dd90
// Updated to work on Swift 2.2

func randomString(length: Int) -> String {
    let charactersString = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
    let charactersArray : [Character] = Array(charactersString.characters)

    var string = ""
    for _ in 0..<length {
        string.append(charactersArray[Int(arc4random()) % charactersArray.count])
    }

    return string
}

基本上调用这个方法,它将生成一个随机字符串,长度为传递给函数的整数。要更改可能的字符,只需编辑charactersString字符串。也支持unicode字符。

https://gist.github.com/gingofthesouth/54bea667b28a815b2fe33a4da986e327

这是我能想到的最快的解决办法。斯威夫特3.0

extension String {
    static func random(length: Int) -> String {
        let letters = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
        let randomLength = UInt32(letters.characters.count)

        let randomString: String = (0 ..< length).reduce(String()) { accum, _ in
            let randomOffset = arc4random_uniform(randomLength)
            let randomIndex = letters.index(letters.startIndex, offsetBy: Int(randomOffset))
            return accum.appending(String(letters[randomIndex]))
        }

        return randomString
    } 
}

如果您只需要一个唯一标识符UUID()。uuidString可以满足您的需求。

你也可以这样使用它:

extension String {

    static func random(length: Int = 20) -> String {

        let base = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
        var randomString: String = ""

        for _ in 0..<length {

            let randomValue = arc4random_uniform(UInt32(base.characters.count))
            randomString += "\(base[base.startIndex.advancedBy(Int(randomValue))])"
        }

        return randomString
    }
}

简单的用法:

let randomString = String.random()

Swift 3语法:

extension String {

    static func random(length: Int = 20) -> String {
        let base = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
        var randomString: String = ""

        for _ in 0..<length {
            let randomValue = arc4random_uniform(UInt32(base.characters.count))
            randomString += "\(base[base.index(base.startIndex, offsetBy: Int(randomValue))])"
        }
        return randomString
    }
}

Swift 4语法:

extension String {

    static func random(length: Int = 20) -> String {
        let base = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789"
        var randomString: String = ""

        for _ in 0..<length {
            let randomValue = arc4random_uniform(UInt32(base.count))
            randomString += "\(base[base.index(base.startIndex, offsetBy: Int(randomValue))])"
        }
        return randomString
    }
}

斯威夫特5.6

此函数生成一个以36为基数的10位数字,然后将其作为字母数字字符串返回。

func randomCode(length: Int) -> String {
    let radix = 36 // = 10 digits + 26 letters
    let number = Int.random(in: 0..<(pow(radix, length)))
    return String(number, radix: radix, uppercase: true)
}

或者如果你不希望代码以“0”开头:

func randomCode(length: Int) -> String {
    let radix = 36 // = 10 digits + 26 letters
    let range = (pow(radix, length)/2)..<(pow(radix, length))
    let number = Int.random(in: range)
    return String(number, radix: radix, uppercase: true)
}