我正在寻找一种优雅的方式来获得数据使用属性访问字典与一些嵌套的字典和列表(即javascript风格的对象语法)。
例如:
>>> d = {'a': 1, 'b': {'c': 2}, 'd': ["hi", {'foo': "bar"}]}
应该以这样的方式访问:
>>> x = dict2obj(d)
>>> x.a
1
>>> x.b.c
2
>>> x.d[1].foo
bar
我想,如果没有递归,这是不可能的,但是有什么更好的方法来获得字典的对象样式呢?
我正在寻找一种优雅的方式来获得数据使用属性访问字典与一些嵌套的字典和列表(即javascript风格的对象语法)。
例如:
>>> d = {'a': 1, 'b': {'c': 2}, 'd': ["hi", {'foo': "bar"}]}
应该以这样的方式访问:
>>> x = dict2obj(d)
>>> x.a
1
>>> x.b.c
2
>>> x.d[1].foo
bar
我想,如果没有递归,这是不可能的,但是有什么更好的方法来获得字典的对象样式呢?
当前回答
下面的代码来自这里,适用于嵌套字典和ide,如VS code能够提示现有的属性:
class Struct:
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
for key, value in kwargs.items():
if isinstance(value, dict):
self.__dict__[key] = Struct(**value)
else:
self.__dict__[key] = value
my_dict = {
'name': 'bobbyhadz',
'address': {
'country': 'Country A',
'city': 'City A',
'codes': [1, 2, 3]
},
}
obj = Struct(**my_dict)
如果您想了解如何加载YAML文件并将其转换为Python对象,请参阅以下要点。
其他回答
老式问答,但我有更多的话题要谈。似乎没有人谈论递归字典。这是我的代码:
#!/usr/bin/env python
class Object( dict ):
def __init__( self, data = None ):
super( Object, self ).__init__()
if data:
self.__update( data, {} )
def __update( self, data, did ):
dataid = id(data)
did[ dataid ] = self
for k in data:
dkid = id(data[k])
if did.has_key(dkid):
self[k] = did[dkid]
elif isinstance( data[k], Object ):
self[k] = data[k]
elif isinstance( data[k], dict ):
obj = Object()
obj.__update( data[k], did )
self[k] = obj
obj = None
else:
self[k] = data[k]
def __getattr__( self, key ):
return self.get( key, None )
def __setattr__( self, key, value ):
if isinstance(value,dict):
self[key] = Object( value )
else:
self[key] = value
def update( self, *args ):
for obj in args:
for k in obj:
if isinstance(obj[k],dict):
self[k] = Object( obj[k] )
else:
self[k] = obj[k]
return self
def merge( self, *args ):
for obj in args:
for k in obj:
if self.has_key(k):
if isinstance(self[k],list) and isinstance(obj[k],list):
self[k] += obj[k]
elif isinstance(self[k],list):
self[k].append( obj[k] )
elif isinstance(obj[k],list):
self[k] = [self[k]] + obj[k]
elif isinstance(self[k],Object) and isinstance(obj[k],Object):
self[k].merge( obj[k] )
elif isinstance(self[k],Object) and isinstance(obj[k],dict):
self[k].merge( obj[k] )
else:
self[k] = [ self[k], obj[k] ]
else:
if isinstance(obj[k],dict):
self[k] = Object( obj[k] )
else:
self[k] = obj[k]
return self
def test01():
class UObject( Object ):
pass
obj = Object({1:2})
d = {}
d.update({
"a": 1,
"b": {
"c": 2,
"d": [ 3, 4, 5 ],
"e": [ [6,7], (8,9) ],
"self": d,
},
1: 10,
"1": 11,
"obj": obj,
})
x = UObject(d)
assert x.a == x["a"] == 1
assert x.b.c == x["b"]["c"] == 2
assert x.b.d[0] == 3
assert x.b.d[1] == 4
assert x.b.e[0][0] == 6
assert x.b.e[1][0] == 8
assert x[1] == 10
assert x["1"] == 11
assert x[1] != x["1"]
assert id(x) == id(x.b.self.b.self) == id(x.b.self)
assert x.b.self.a == x.b.self.b.self.a == 1
x.x = 12
assert x.x == x["x"] == 12
x.y = {"a":13,"b":[14,15]}
assert x.y.a == 13
assert x.y.b[0] == 14
def test02():
x = Object({
"a": {
"b": 1,
"c": [ 2, 3 ]
},
1: 6,
2: [ 8, 9 ],
3: 11,
})
y = Object({
"a": {
"b": 4,
"c": [ 5 ]
},
1: 7,
2: 10,
3: [ 12 , 13 ],
})
z = {
3: 14,
2: 15,
"a": {
"b": 16,
"c": 17,
}
}
x.merge( y, z )
assert 2 in x.a.c
assert 3 in x.a.c
assert 5 in x.a.c
assert 1 in x.a.b
assert 4 in x.a.b
assert 8 in x[2]
assert 9 in x[2]
assert 10 in x[2]
assert 11 in x[3]
assert 12 in x[3]
assert 13 in x[3]
assert 14 in x[3]
assert 15 in x[2]
assert 16 in x.a.b
assert 17 in x.a.c
if __name__ == '__main__':
test01()
test02()
from mock import Mock
d = {'a': 1, 'b': {'c': 2}, 'd': ["hi", {'foo': "bar"}]}
my_data = Mock(**d)
# We got
# my_data.a == 1
# Applies to Python-3 Standard Library
class Struct(object):
def __init__(self, data):
for name, value in data.items():
setattr(self, name, self._wrap(value))
def _wrap(self, value):
if isinstance(value, (tuple, list, set, frozenset)):
return type(value)([self._wrap(v) for v in value])
else:
return Struct(value) if isinstance(value, dict) else value
# Applies to Python-2 Standard Library
class Struct(object):
def __init__(self, data):
for name, value in data.iteritems():
setattr(self, name, self._wrap(value))
def _wrap(self, value):
if isinstance(value, (tuple, list, set, frozenset)):
return type(value)([self._wrap(v) for v in value])
else:
return Struct(value) if isinstance(value, dict) else value
可以用于任何深度的任何序列/字典/值结构。
我偶然发现的情况下,我需要递归转换字典列表到对象列表,所以基于罗伯托的片段在这里为我做了什么工作:
def dict2obj(d):
if isinstance(d, dict):
n = {}
for item in d:
if isinstance(d[item], dict):
n[item] = dict2obj(d[item])
elif isinstance(d[item], (list, tuple)):
n[item] = [dict2obj(elem) for elem in d[item]]
else:
n[item] = d[item]
return type('obj_from_dict', (object,), n)
elif isinstance(d, (list, tuple,)):
l = []
for item in d:
l.append(dict2obj(item))
return l
else:
return d
注意,由于显而易见的原因,任何元组都将被转换为与其列表相当的元素。
希望这能像你们的答案对我一样帮助到别人。
这是另一种将字典列表转换为对象的替代方法:
def dict2object(in_dict):
class Struct(object):
def __init__(self, in_dict):
for key, value in in_dict.items():
if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
setattr(
self, key,
[Struct(sub_dict) if isinstance(sub_dict, dict)
else sub_dict for sub_dict in value])
else:
setattr(
self, key,
Struct(value) if isinstance(value, dict)
else value)
return [Struct(sub_dict) for sub_dict in in_dict] \
if isinstance(in_dict, list) else Struct(in_dict)